Essential elements of Accountability Theory (Theory A) are [2]
(1) Planning
(2) Target setting
(3) Motivation
(4) Work Strategies
(5) Responsibility
(6) Role model
(7) Monitoring & Guiding
(8) Accountability
Fig. 1 : Block diagram to represent the components of Theory A.
Based on Focus group method [X – X], we have developed following postulates which connect the above factors of organizational performance.
Postulate 1 : Employee outlook has changed over time.
Postulate 2 : The present day employee has considerable innate potential which the organization is looking for.
Postulate 3 : His knowledge and skill could be enhanced in a conducive environment of necessity and expediency.
Postulate 4 : The organization
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Postulate 9 : Responsibility is nothing but efficiency in delivering targets to the required extent and time.
Postulate 10 : Efficiency in individual and organizational performance is based on accountability to oneself, one’s own job and to the job giver.
Postulate 11 : Accountability is sin-qua-non to commitment. The more the commitment greater is the Accountability.
3.1. Theory A Implementation Procedure in an Organization :
Theory A explains a process by which managerial leadership in organizations accomplish task through a series of steps involving the employees influencing to accomplish desirable task efficiently. These eight stages are provided vertically in the following table 1. The steps at each stage are provided horizontally.
Table 1 : Framework of implementation of Theory A.
S. No. Stages Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
1 Planning Institutional strength/weakness assessment Problem identification Joint policy formulation Outline for action
2 Target Setting Familiarization Consultation Realization Action plan
3 Motivation Adoption of idea Self exploration Role model Increased
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The challenge is to strike a balance between adaptability to changing technology, productivity and stakeholder satisfaction. Conventional managerial practices could not be relied upon heavily because they have been developed on presumptions which have undergone change. Theory A proposes an alternate set of assumptions on human behaviour and work performance which would impact the organizational performance.
(1) Sustainability : Change is universal and irreversible. While confronted by change, the organizations have becomes susceptible to forces around it. Organizations are facing a climate of uncertainty. One way of minimizing this uncertainity is by ensuring a culture of accountability. This could be possible by using a different set of motivator addressing employees as creative human beings which would have an overriding impact on long term
Methodology: They conducted the research by implementing
Accountability Is something that is very important and leader and superiors in the Military or in any job for that reason, for the simple fact that it is not only a requirement for you but also very important to your supervisors or chain of command depending on your situation. You can resort to accountability for many reason when it comes to daily productivity as a team or group. Maintaining accountability of anything wether it be equipment or people can be very helpful when it comes to dividing tasks and assignments or just keeping track of everybody or everything you are in charge of. Punctuality is also very important and plays a very big part in accountability, for example, a soldier is late to formation and doesn’t inform his supervisor, this can lead to his supervisor not being able to provide accurate numbers to his/her
The fifth part of the Responsible Party model is that the legislature is organized along party lines. This can be seen in the Congress here in America or in the Parliaments overseas. One good example of the legislature being organized along party lines is the current U.S. House of Representatives and the Speakership debacle. John Boehner, the Speaker of the House since 2011, decided that he would resign while in the middle of his term. So certainly the next step is who will replace him.
An organization achieves performance by the leadership outlining the goals and expectations of each employee and
The following essay will approach the workplace philosophies of Howard Gardner and Mike Rose and attempt to apply them to real-world work-related problems and situations. First, before proceeding any further, it is necessary to provide a brief overview of the basic. Gardner, in his book Five Minds for the Future, identifies five mind that people can apply to their jobs and their work environments: the disciplinary mind, the synthesizing mind, the creating mind, the respectful mind, and the ethical mind (Gardner 3). For the creating mind, as Mike Rose redefines the intelligence in his book The Mind at Work, he believes the blue-collar workers are as creative as other white-collars. Besides the creative mind related to the physical workers, Mike
Today, many historian has been thoroughly question on the subject of Gen Douglas Haig 's quality as a leader on the Western Front, especially his decision and conduct during the Battle of the Somme in 1916. Haig 's skills and abilities as a leader have been both heavily renowned and criticised through different views and opinions. Much evidence supporting both arguments whether he has been viewed as both 'Butcher of the Somme ' and the 'Architect of Victory '. However, the majority of people seem to favour the idea of Haig being a merciless leader, which is completely understandable.
Although motivating employees can be a challenge, a number of theories about motivation at work can be used as a basis for creating practices, procedures and processes to affect employee
In this instance, however, it is a management technique that contributes to the implementation of other theories such as social-constructivism and cognitivism, discussed further
Keeping the workforce motivated and making them feel empowered to make some decisions is key to an organisations
There are several fundamental challenges that Pixar is facing as a creativity-based company. First, Pixar needs to constantly producing animated movies in order to maintain their reputation and existence. Therefore, the challenge is that creativity must be present at every level of artistic and technical part of the team and it is hard to manage creativity of 200-250 employees. In order to overcome the first challenge, Pixar came up with an open culture of getting the employees to speak out their opinions and suggestions. However, this culture is actually triggers another fundamental challenge in which the employees are often felt intimidated and lack of confidence to speak out their ideas and suggestions.
IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC FACTORS ON STARBUCKS The ongoing global economic recession is the prime external economic driver for Starbucks. As I already mentioned, this factor dented the profitability of Starbucks. This has convinced buyers to shift to cheaper alternatives. As they did not quit buying coffee, Starbucks should seek an opportunity here. The company has to deal with rising labor and operational costs.
Contemporary management involves many aspects of management. These aspects include planning, leading, organising and controlling operations to achieve certain organisational goals. When comparing different management levels it is evident that at all levels emphasise the importance of using resources effective and responsibly. Managers should be able to build their own as well as their subordinates’ skills, regarding decision making, monitoring information and supervising personnel are which are essential to success. Managers have great responsibilities, these responsibilities include managing a diverse work force, maintaining a competitive edge, behaving ethically and using emerging technologies.
• Feedback: Employees should know about their performance. Apart from regular feedback, employees get quarterly reminders to evaluate their expectations. Besides, special sessions on receiving and giving feedback are conducted. • Development and growth : Every employee is responsible for his/her career and personal development.
Performance Management Performance management according to --- is a function that that embraces activities such as articulated goal setting, uninterrupted progress reassessment, regular communication and feedback, as well as coaching for better performance. Likewise, it involves execution of employee development plans and rewarding accomplishments. In other words, performance management focuses on improving employee performance along with effort via a process that supports employees to get personal and professional fulfilment by a feel of purposeful contribution. In organisations, management is responsible for meeting organisational objectives through the involvement of others; through evaluating the performance of systems and human resources.
Growing customer expectations result in shorter life cycle of products and this means that companies should make their processes more and more flexible adopting modularity and product platforms in order to overcome competitors. Companies who fail to meet dynamic customer needs are doomed to fail. To illustrate this we can consider Tata Motors that designed a car selling at $2500 having identified the need for cheap vehicles and introduced market-pull innovation. Though having some negative feedbacks on its security it is affordable for many families in India.