The adsorption isotherm indicates the sorption molecules extend between the liquid /solid phase the adsorption operation reaches an equilibrium case. The analysis of the isotherm information by fitting them to several isotherm models could be major step to detection the suitable model that may be used for design objectives . Most adsorption isotherms is also classified into six kinds, that are considerably indicated to as the Langmuir , Freundlich , Temkin, Sips, Brunauer-Emmett Teller and Dubinin- Radushkevich classification. In all cases the adsorbed quantity of adsorbate is progressively increases as its concentration is raise , becoming at some point equivalent to a monolayer, then again will increase to a multilayer, that finally combine into a condensed …show more content…
2.2. Adsorption Kietics Much adsorption kinetic models have been approved to characterize the manner of batch biosorption processes in various experimental conditions. Kinetics of adsorption is one of the major characteristics defining the efficiency of adsorption. 2.2.1 Pseudo first order model The Lagergren rate equation can have been the first rate equation for the sorption in liquid /solid systems depending on solid efficiency. The Lagergren rate equation is the most excessively utilized rate equation for sorption of a solute from a liquid solution (Ho and Mckay,2000). Integrating for the initial and final conditions (t = 0 to t = t) and (qt = 0 to qt = qt), equation (5) may be rearranged for linearized data plotting as shown by equation (6): ( ) ( ) (6) Where: qe and qt are uptake at Equilibrium and at time t, respectively (mg/g), K1 is the pseudo first order rate constant (1/min). 2.2.2 Pseudo-Second Order Model The pseudo second-order kinetic model may be represented as
For this lab, zeolite and magnetized zeolite were synthesized and compared with charcoal to find out with would be the most effective in the sequestering of Procion Red dye. Finding the concentration and absorbance of each zeolite, magnetized zeolite, and charcoal, along with a calibration curve, the best adsorbent is determined. Charcoal was the overall best sequestration of the Procion Red dye, since the adsorbent was highest compared to the others. Introduction Pollution has increased in the environment over the years, so the purpose of this experiment is to find the best adsorbent of chemicals to reduce the pollution.
On pages 5-6, the diffusion coefficient of growth factor in water D is quoted from literature, whilst for growth factor concentration C*, duration of cells differentiation phase T, and the cell death rate Γwn were merely taken from personal communication with an independent laboratory. The rate of cell proliferation Γnw, cell differentiation Γud, solute uptake ΓR1 and Michaelis-Menten uptake K were selected to fit experimental observations received in the same manner. These data are proven [1, 2] to deviate between cell types and in response to culture environmental variations. Authors are advised to either publish detailed experimental data in the appendices, or consult reviewed articles, then assess the sensitivity of the model to different species and perfusion
Introduction: What are enzymes? Chemical reactions that take place in living cells are known as metabolic reactions. There are two types of reactions: • Anabolic Reaction (Constructive) • Catabolic Reaction (Destructive)
ABSTRACT To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. In this experiment we examined how increasing the volume of the extract added to the reaction would affect the rate of the reaction. The enzyme used was horseradish peroxidase which helps catalyze hydrogen peroxide. Using different pH levels, the absorbance rate of the reaction was measured to see at which condition the enzyme worked best. The rates of absorption were calculated using a spectrophotometer in 20 second intervals up to 120 seconds.
U6: Establishing audiences Quantitative: Quantitative research is a form of research where people are asked something with a simple answer that can be quantified afterwards to represent a larger group. This type of research has simpler answers (yes or no) than qualitative which has more complicated answer (such as a paragraph of text) that can not be quantified but tells a lot more information with 1 answer. Quantitative research is quicker and easier to gather result. Quantitative research can be used for things such as seeing how much of the population in the UK like corn flakes. They would do this by making a survey with a simple answers for the person being surveyed to choose from, the people doing the survey would be people chosen at random
The observed emission data for the different elements did not look how they were supposed to. However the “peaks” for Hydrogen were found to be 534.52 and 631.24, 534.70 and 569.11 for Helium and 529.73 and 630.71 for Mercury. The Rydberg’s Constant found to 1.1x107 8.5x104 while the known constant is 10967758.34m-1. The percent error of 0.29% and the accuracy of this reading is 99.7. The slope and intercept of the linear regression line is -0.01 3.3x10-5 and 0.02x10-1 1.9x10-6 respectfully.
SECS 20 SECS 40 SECS 60 SECS 80 SECS 100 SECS 120 SECS TRIAL 1 0.04 0.107 0.166 0.225 0.266 0.288 0.323 TRIAL 2 0.082 1.205 0.289 0.352 0.399 0.439 0.472 TRIAL 3 0.04 0.104 0.156 0.201 0.232 0.26 0.28 pH: 5 (TRANSMITTANCE
The results do not support the hypothesis that a higher surface area to volume ratio would result in sulphuric acid being diffused into the agar cubes in the shortest amount of time. This is evident in the results as the exact opposite to what was predicted occurred. Instead of the smallest cube with the largest surface area to volume ratio of 1cm3 having the quickest diffusion rate, it conversely took the longest at 0.092 cm3 per second, whilst the 2cm3 cube with 0.0384 cm3 per second took the least amount of time. This directly refutes the hypothesis. There was also no consistent trend evident in the results.
What is the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of diffusion of the colour from the agar jelly cube? INTRODUCTION: Diffusion is the movement of spreading particles from high concentration to low concentration in an environment such as a cell. This major procedure is used in cells to source them with nutrients, water, oxygen, and to transport unwanted wastes such as carbon dioxide out of the cell or to different cellular organelles.
Jaspreet Singh Professor Paratore Biology 1 November 1, 2014 Spectrophotometry Identifying Solutes and Determining Their Concentration Statement of the Exercise or of the Problem The purpose of the lab experiment was to attain the following objectives: • Learning to Operate the Spectrophotometer • Construct absorption spectra for cobalt chloride and chlorophyll. Hypothesis If greater and higher concentrations of cobalt chloride are added to each solution then greater amounts of light would be absorbed by each solution. Thus a liner relationship will result in which the absorbance of a substance would be proportional to its concentration, which will be depicted, in a linear graph.
Background Information In this lab KCl, NaCl, and a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl are the independent variables that all lower the freezing point of water. Ice is used as the controlled variable because it is what the salts are lowering the freezing point of. Salt (Na) weakens intermolecular forces of water, thus lowering the the freezing point. This is why in colder climates where icy roads and walkways are a liability, salt is often scattered over areas that are slick with frozen water.
1. 150 ml of boiled water was poured into each of the three beakers labeled A, B, C. 2. Five tea bags were soaked for the time given by the manufacturer (two minutes) , in beaker A (Control). The teabags were immediately removed after the time elapsed. 3.
Use these results to determine the product concentration, using Beer-Lambert’s Law: A= ɛCl (where A is the absorbance, ɛ is the molar absorptivity, C is the product concentration and l is the length of solution that the light passes through). Calculate the product concentrations at every minute for 10 minutes for all 7 of the test tubes using Beer-Lambert’s Law. Plot a graph of product concentration vs. time and then use the gradients of the 7 test tubes to determine the velocities of the reaction. After calculating the velocities, plot a Michaelis-Menten graph of velocity vs. substrate concentration.
Thus using the first test as sample, [aspirin]t = 0.0235 – 9.981*10-4 = 0.0225 mol L-1. To find the rate constant, we will need to log the value of [aspirin]t and plot it against time to find the rate constant. Figure 1 shows the diluted and actual concentrations of salicylic acid, the concentration and log value of aspirin at various times. Time / min C1 / mol L-1 C2 (actual) / mol L-1 [Aspirin] / mol L-1 ln([Aspirin]) 0 1.996*10-5 9.98*10-4 0.0225 -3.79 10th 6.925*10-5 3.46*10-3 0.0200 -3.91 20th 1.135*10-4 5.68*10-3 0.0178 -4.03 30th 1.372*10-4 6.86*10-3 0.0166 -4.10 40th 1.653*10-4 8.27*10-3 0.0152 -4.18 50th 1.828*10-4 9.14*10-3 0.0144 -4.24 60th 1.953*10-4 9.77*10-3 0.0137 -4.29 Figure 1. A graph of ln([aspirin]t) against time (min) was plotted.
This experiment is to investigate the relationship between solute concentration and the movement of water through semipermeable membrane by the process of osmosis. The purpose of this The Visking tubing apparatus establishes the osmosis procedure. The Visking tubing is a semipermeable membrane filled up with concentrated sucrose solution. The surface of the semipermeable membrane symbolizes the visking tubes and the mixture demonstrates the cytoplasm. If the Visking tube is absorbed in water, after a period of time, it will be have water inside water, this is because the water molecules can pass through the tubing, while the larger sugar molecules cannot diffuse out from the tubing because the size of sugar molecules do not allow it to go through the tubing.