Empirical Research
According to Keeton (1962), he defines empirical research as, “a type of research based on experimentation and observation (evidence).” The word empirical means information gained by experience where the central theme in scientific methods is that all evidence must be empirical which means it based on evidence. Campbell and Stanley (1966) claims that in scientific methods the word “empirical” refers to the use of working hypothesis that can be tested using observation and experiment. Empirical research starts with some of prior theory, which researchers develops to try to explain and predict what happens in the real world. The purpose of research is to test the and possibly to refine it. In some cases research is conducted
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Fundamental research also known as basic or pure research is undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any direct application or use in view (Goode & Halt, 1952). It is executed without thought of a practical end goal, without specific applications or products in mind. Fundamental studies tend to make generalization about the phenomenon, and the philosophy of these studies can be explained “gathering knowledge for the sake of knowledge.” (Glopal, 1965)
Fundamental research has been described as arising out of curiosity. It lays foundations for advancement in knowledge that lead to applied gains later on, occasionally of unexpected discoveries. The International Council of Science in December 2004, position statement urged for and adequate public investment in basic research, stating that basic science, innovation and development are intertwined (Glock, 1967). In United States, pure research is mainly carried out by universities and institutes financed by the government. The research advances fundamental knowledge about the world. It focuses on refuting or supporting theories that explain observed phenomena. Pure research is a source of most new scientific ideas and ways of thinking about the world. It can be explanatory, descriptive or exploratory; however, explanatory research is most
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According to Hillway (1964), he claims that, “Basic research rarely helps practitioners directly with their everyday concerns. It stimulates new ways of thinking that have the potential to revolutionize and dramatically improve how practitioners deal with a problem in future. Conclusion Generally research seeks to contextualize its findings within the larger body of research and action. It gathers knowledge that is applicable outside of the research setting with implications that go beyond the research. The results of the study have implications for policy and project implementation. Furthermore, the results are examinable by fellow researchers. Methodologies can be replicated and knowledge that can be applied to real world situations. Researchers work as a team to enhance our knowledge on how to best address the world’s
Scientific research seems very factual and straight-forward. In reality, science deals with uncertainty, something that, when not used in the right way, creates weaknesses. The uncertainty of scientific research allows scientists to explore intellectually as well as creatively, and “venture into the unknown” to create the known. In his account from The Great Influenza, John M. Barry uses formal diction, strategically placed rhetorical questions, and an appeal to logos to characterize scientific research.
The term “practice” signifies interventions that can enhance a person ’s well-being (USDHHS, 2017). Whereas, the term “research” implies the entire experimental process of testing a hypothesis (USDHHS, 2017).
3rd Quote:___________________________________ RESEARCH QUOTE: ______________________________________________________________________( ) EXPLANATION OF RESEARCH
What is Research? It is a careful investigation of a problem in a scientific manner, especially to search for new facts in any side of knowledge. And it is searching for theory or opinion for testing them or for solving issues. And a scientific way for answering questions and testing hypotheses.
1. Define research, nursing research, and evidence-based practice, and describe the purposes of research in implementing an evidence-based practice. Research is investigating and studying of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions or to report knowledge about something. Research can also mean to validate something that already exists based on some kind of theory.
Barry uses this to show how researchers must make decisions on how to do something while not having a very structured knowledge foundation for that specific topic of interest. Together, the uses of these similar structures allows for a more cohesive train of thought about the characteristics of scientific
The three descriptive research methods that I will discuss are Naturalistic Observation, Survey, and Case Study. Naturalistic Observation is a research method in which people or animals are observed in their natural habitat without any controls or variables. This type of research method may be conducted if you want to see how people truly act without being watched. For example, this research method may be used to determine who are healthier shoppers, men or women? The researcher would go to a food store and take count throughout the day of how many men and women he finds in the fruit and vegetable isles, and how many he find in the snack isles.
The purpose of market research is to understand customer behaviour this can be done by getting a specialist team to conduct a series of investigations this leads to fulfilling the needs of the customer. Businesses will choose to undertake market research, will have to look for the specific reasons for the use of the products For example Ferrari will go out and do a series of investigations to see what type of people buy their
It’s a quantitative method that is specifically used in psychology researches and it examines whether two variables such as events, behaviuors, properties, and characteristics are casually related. In other words, it is a scientific and systematic approach to research, in which the researcher can manipulate and control the variables i,e an independent variable is manipulated and the dependent variable is measured and it could be called a true experiment. The main advantage of this method is that it allows us to determine and regulate cause and effect, and further it allows us to control the effects of extraneous variables. Experimental method involves some kind of measurement and a mathematical calculation is frequently involved.
So, by conducting a research the counselor is able to prove the treatment is effective. The counselor is also able to see if the interventions and outcome is proper to used to demonstrate their work towards the benefit of the
Falsificationism, though, helped me to understand that induction is good for everyday life, but not for science. I learnt that it is possible to falsify someone’s theory or my theory be falsified, but Kuhn’s and Lakatos’ approaches made me understand that it is better not to abandon a theory even if it is falsified. Research programmes influenced me mostly, since the fundamental hypothesis of the hard core and the supplementary assumptions of the protective belt, can be better applied not only to physics, but also natural sciences. For me science has to be explained in an objective way, so the anarchistic theory of science did not influence me, because it talks about individual’s freedom and subjectivity. Finally, the modern approaches of Bayesianism and New Experimentalism did not satisfy me at all and they did not help me in order to define what science is.
Research philosophy Research philosophy lay down the background of how researchers understand the world, the choice of research philosophy reflect our knowledge, experiences, preconceptions, and research capability. Thus our knowledge, experiences and etc., which underpin the philosophy choice, will determine our research paradigm, strategy, design and method. (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 128-129).
Chapter two; Literature Review The entire research journey is based on few important steps which can also be recognized as research process involving certain measures; to be carried out effectively. This process includes (Library, 2015); 1. Framing of a particular research question 2. searching and examining the relevant literature studies 3. Management of the accumulated search data 4.
Without research, people will continue suffering from epidemics and diseases that are difficult to treat. The importance of science is that it creates an opportunity for scientists to seek further knowledge that can help them understand how diseases work. For example, the cure for HIV/AIDS can only be found, if scientists continue conducting research on how the virus operates and how it can be treated. It is of great importance that research efforts are well-funded and that researchers receive the support they need to ensure that research efforts are successful. The information collected from proper research is helpful to all health professionals in the provision of targeted and well-informed treatment plans that meet the needs of the
Working together, you can develop solutions based on your collective insight, wisdom and creativity. Practicing a deeper level of awareness and taking responsibility for your words and