INTRODUCTION
Endometriosis is the term used for the occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and is a major cause of pelvic pain and subfertility.[1] Cervix, vagina, vulva, rectovaginal septum, ovary, fallopian tubes, uterine ligaments, appendix, small and large bowel, bladder and ureters, pelvic peritoneum, hernia sacs, lymph nodes, kidney, skin, and even within skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves, pleura, lung, nasal cavity can be involved by endometriosis.[1] Microscopically endometrial glands and stroma are seen, often embedded in a dense fibrous mass exhibiting signs of fresh and old hemorrhage.[1] Most cases of the abdominal wall endometriosis occur spontaneously following the gynaecologic or obstetric surgery.[2] It affects
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Patient gave past history of caesarean section 2 years back. On palpation it was tiny nodule, measuring about 3×2 cm, left side of the caesarean section scar. There was corresponding fluctuation in the size of the swelling during each cycle. The clinical diagnosis of scar endometriosis was made. FNAC smears show monolayered sheets and loosely cohesive clusters of polygonal to oval epithelial cells with bland chromatin, moderate amount of cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli. Occasional cytoplasmic vacuolations were seen. Few clusters of fragments of spindle cells with moderate amount of cytoplasm and elongated nuclei were also seen. Background showed scattered hemosiderin laden …show more content…
In present case patient`s age was 30 years and gave past history of caesarean section. 445 cases of abdominal wall endometriosis were reviewed by horton et al and observed that 57% and 11% cases showed endometriosis in the scars of caesarean section and hysterectomy respectively.[8] Pathan et al and Blanco et al also observed that scar endometriosis was more common in caesarean scar than hysterectomy scar.[7,8,] The lump at scar site, pain, fluctuation in size, bleeding and cyclical nature of symptoms during menstruation are the main clinical presentations of scar endometriosis.[3-10] The cyclical nature of symptoms is pathognomonic however may not be seen in all cases.[3-10] The imaging techniques are nonspecific however ultrasonography of abdominal wall endometriosis may show cystic, multicystic, mixed, or solid
Fractured Clavicle Occurs in during difficult birth due to unequal movement of the upper extremities Abdomen: Normal Finding A. Shape Round, dome shaped and nondistended B. Umbilical Cord Two arteries, one vein, whitish gray color, odorless C. Bowel sounds Present 1-2 hours after birth Abnormal Abdomen: Definition A. Distension: Fullness of the abdomen above the umbilicus caused by ruptured viscus or tumors. B. Imperforate Anus Blockage of the anus or missing of the anus C. Meconium Ileus Bowel obstruction caused by thick abnormal meconium Genitalia: (complete female and male) Normal finding or Definition A. Female (labia, clitoris, meatus, edema, pseudo- menstruation) 2pts Labia majora covers the labia minora and clitoris and are usually edematous
A progress note from Sonia Krotkov, PA-C (Obstetrics & Gynecology), dated 04/22/2016, indicated that the claimant presented with a history of gonadal dysgenesis. She also had primary amenorrhea. She complained of frequent bloody discharge on the patch, Angeliq, and Loloestrin. She has osteoporosis due to a long history of low estrogen. Her BMI was 36.02.
According to Bulletti, et. al. (2010), “Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue (glands and stroma) outside the uterus, which induces a chronic inflammatory reaction, scar tissue, and adhesions that may distort a woman’s pelvic anatomy. Endometriosis is primarily found in young women, but its occurrence is not related to ethnic or social group distinctions. Patients with endometriosis mainly complain of pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia.
B. Learning Objectives: (List 2-4 of your clinical objectives from your week/group of shifts – remember, you should begin each shift with 2-3 clinical objectives.) 1. Practiced neonatal head-to-toe assessments. 2. Give a shift report to the oncoming nurse.
Treatment is the act, manner or instance of treating someone or something. Treatments also include substance or varied methods used in treating illness. People not only treat themselves with different methods, but also with medicine often used to gain good health. Everyone wants to look young and beautiful forever .Today there are all kinds of treatments people use in order for them to maintain their beauty.
Pregnancy causes your body to go through a number of changes. These changes often result in pregnancy tumors. These tumors are not experienced by every pregnant woman and are a result of the fluctuating hormones caused by pregnancy. Pregnancy tumors bleed fairly easily and can be painful to eat and speak while they are in your mouth. The tumors usually go away on their own, but until then there are a few natural remedies you can use to reduce the pain.
•Signs and symptoms: mild discomfort or spotting over a period of several days or weeks, a sensation of pelvic pressure, backache, mild abdominal cramps, change in vaginal discharge, and light vaginal bleeding. •There aren 't any tests that can be done before pregnancy to predict an incompetent cervix. If the fetal membranes are visible and an ultrasound shows signs of inflammation but you don’t have symptoms of infection, a testing done on a sample of amniotic fluid could be done to diagnose or rule out an infection.
Case Scenario 6 – Caesarean section – patient choice Delivery by a Caesarean section has become more common over the last several years for a number of various reasons. The old saying “once a c-section, always a c-section”, however, no longer is true. Many women who have had a baby by Caesarean section could deliver their next child vaginally if they so choose. In this case scenario, clinicians are confident that the labour would progress without a complication and that there would not be a need for a Caesarian section. However, the clinician’s opinion conflicts with the mother’s wish to have a C-section.
reported that her menstrual cycles had “always been irregular” since she was an adolescent at age 15 (onset of menarche). When questioned regarding irregularity, she stated that she had never had a 28-day cycle in that some months she would get her menstrual cycle while other months she wouldn’t. B.L. stated that the same has been occurring; however, it has “gotten much worse” as now she was going 3-4 months without a period. She mentioned that she had had her last Pap smear and pelvic exam in February 2015 with normal results; however, she stated that her OB-GYN had also done a transvaginal ultrasound and had told her that she had multiple bilateral ovarian cysts. At that same time, her OB-GYN had prescribed her metformin; however, she never had the prescription filled since she became unemployed shortly thereafter and lost her insurance coverage.
Thus, the production of estrogen and progesterone also declines. the blood supply to the endometrium continues to increase due to the rising levels of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum of the
“While a general physician may be able to pinpoint and treat minor women 's health issues, the expert opinions of gynecologists are absolutely necessary when it comes to certain aspects of women 's health” (“What does a Gynecologist do?”). Reproductive Endocrinology is an exciting career. Moreover, it is very important to women for several reasons. The first reason is that it helps women stay healthy in a variety of ways. The second reason is that it provides hope to women with reproductive issues.
Septate Uterus Also known as a uterine septum, this is the most common type of congenital uterine malformation, whereby every 1 in 45 women is affected (Danielsson, 2014) (Y.Y. Chan, 2011). This type of uterus is divided by a septum; its extent can range from part of the way to or all the way to the cervix, therefore a woman can either have a partial/complete septate uterus. However, in most circumstances a woman who has a uterine septum will have a partial one (babycentre, 2013). A septate uterus can increase the risk of a miscarriage and can also contribute to one of the causes of a recurrent miscarriage because typically a septum does not have an adequate blood supply, so if an egg were to implant on the septum a placenta would not develop and access nutrients properly (Danielsson,
For patients with ASC-H, a colposcopy should be performed (Cash & Glass, 2014). In LSIL patients with positive or negative HPV, a colposcopy should be used to manage these patients, and pregnant women should also be managed with colposcopy or wait until they are 6 weeks post-delivery (Cash & Glass, 2014). For HSIL patients, management includes loop excision or a colposcopy. All ACG patients, except atypical endometrial cells, should use colposcopy for management. And for atypical endometrial cells, and women over age 35, endometrial sampling is needed (Cash & Glass, 2014).
Before the 1920s Endometriosis was classified as Adenomyosis which included other gynecological diseases but was finally individualized. Although its benign nature it is one of the most aggressive diseases that effects millions of women with debilitating pain and often times infertility. The disease presents itself when a woman reaches reproductive age and can effect her for the rest of her life. Although this disease is one that effects millions around the world, coupled with scientific advancement in genetic therapy and proper medical management those diagnosed may live functioning moderately normal lives. Cause and Symptoms Endometriosis is caused by the presence endometrial tissues or, the inner lining of the uterus, to be located outside
Despite the fact that I have waited too long for my call to be answered, receptionist has serviced me friendly and fast. Next step was to visit this hospital and meet a doctor at appointed time. This kind of gynecological examination was first for me