Bacterial Endophytes Essay

INTRODUCTION

An ‘endophyte’ is often a bacteria or fungus that colonizes the internal tissue of the plant showing no external symptom of disease or harmful effect on the host (Holliday, 1989; Schulz & Boyle, 2006). In practical terms, an endophytic bacterium is that, which can be isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissue (Perotti, 1926; Henning & Villforth, 1940). The early literature on bacterial endophytes was dominated by studies on plants of agricultural importance such as rice (Sun et al., 2008), wheat (Conn and Franco, 2004), soybeans (Okubo et al., 2009), corn (Figueiredo et al., 2009), and potatoes (Garbeva et al., 2001). Significant differences have been found in the endophytic community of different crop cultivars (van Overbeek and van Elsas, 2008; Manter et al., 2010). These bacteria reside in the living tissues of the host plant in a variety of relationships ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic. Nature selects

The story of this same species turning from being pathogenic to profitable specifically inside the plants laid foundation for our work. Considering Pseudomonas which is known to cause simple to serious infections in humans has identified to be beneficial for plants in many ways. The endophytic nature adapted by these bacteria, inside the plants can be understood only by studying the molecular basis responsible for compatible endophytic and plant interactions. Understanding the genome characteristics within the interactive stage would provide us clarity on this molecular basis behind the interactions. Culture-independent approaches are highly time conservating ways to study the genome characteristics. Rapid development n the sequence technology and higher throughput technologies provides quality data,