Energy Conversion Advantages And Disadvantages

ABSTRACT: “ENERGY DEMAND” is one of the major

threads in our country at present situation. In order to

meet the energy demand, usage of Renewable Energy is

the only alternate solution. This paper deals with the new

method of harvesting solar energy with the help of solar

panel. The new method deals with direct conversion of

heat into electricity by means Thermo electric conversion

(SEEBECK EFFECT) so that along with light energy from

the sun, heat energy is also absorbed by the solar cell and

converted into electricity. Thus with the single panel we

can generate more amount of electricity, cost of generation

is reduced and efficiency of solar panel is also increased.

KEYWORDS: single panel, both heat and light, seebeck

B.SOLAR THERMAL CONVERSION

By using solar radiation, water or any fluid can be heated by

using a solar collector. Such systems can provide hot water for

different applications in industries directly or as boiler feed

and also in hostels, hotels and canteens. There are two types

of solar thermal conversion

1. Low temperature system

2. High temperature system

1) Low temperature system

This system uses a flat plate collector, which can heat

water up to about 800C only. Water is circulated through the

flat plate collector. Heat exchanger is used to vaporize a low

boiling fluid (butane) and the butane vapor will run the

turbine, butane vapor is condensed and reused.

Fig 4. Low temperature solar thermal conversion

2) High temperature system

Solar power tower is employed for high temperature

system. A receiver is mounted on the tower which is 100 to

500m high and designed to withstand the weight of the

receiver. Here reflecting mirrors are known as heliostat. The

heliostats are arranged in such a way that they direct the solar

that passes through the array that would otherwise be lost,

recovering it for productive use.

The collector transfers captured energy to a

B, SEEBECK EFFECT:

The Seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature

difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors or

semiconductors produces a voltage difference between the

two substances.

When heat is applied to one of the two conductors or

semiconductors, heated electrons flow toward the cooler one.

If the pair is connected through an electrical circuit, direct

current (DC) flows through that circuit.

C.PV-T DESIGN:

PV-T collectors can be constructed similarly to solar thermal

collectors, typically in a box with a glass cover, or can move

ore towards solar PV panel design, with less insulation and no

glass cover.

The latter concept might be expected to have a lower

conversion efficiency than the former but higher electrical

yield, and it will be more susceptible to output variation in

windy conditions.

In either case, the solar PV element can be amorphous or

crystalline silicon based, conventional or thin-film, and made

up of single, dual or triple-junction solar cells depending on

conversion efficiency/cost trade-offs.

The medium used to extract heat from the system 's thermal

absorber and cool the solar PV array can be a fluid,