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Essay On Energy Homeostasis

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BMR is the energy used to maintain metabolic homeostasis, muscle tone, circulation and breathing. Energy homeostasis is the balance between the food we eat (energy input) and energy we use (expenditure). Thyroid hormones influence metabolism so they influence energy expenditure. The hypothalamo-pituitary- thyroid (HPT) axis produces the T4 thyroxine) and T3 (tri-iodothyronine) hormones, and these stimulate energy expenditure via increased thermogenesis and because of this it has a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The melanocortin system is important for energy balance and it controls both eating, energy intake and energy expenditure. HPT axis and melanocortin work together to control energy input and output. For example in a prolonged fasted state, when there is a negative energy balance, the HPT axis is regulated differently, such as low plasma T3 and T4, low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the reduction of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) secretion and biosynthesis. This hypothyroidism may be an adaptive response to not getting energy into the body, so thermogenesis gets reduced hence less stored energy will be used (Martin, Imperial college). √ …show more content…

I will describe factors which influence energy requirements and I will provide

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