Genetic engineering assignment Biotechnology is the manipulation of cells, living organisms and our genetic makeup using various techniques to make a product. This allows products that are essential to treat diseases within the human body to be made. There is many companies that specialize in such production and constant research to develop new technologies and medication to improve our life style. Currently there is about 250 biotechnology based products on the market that makes treating previously untreatable diseases possible. Panacea biotec is an Indian company that focuses mainly on research, manufacturing and vaccines. One of their big achievements is the successful trials and production of polio vaccine and helping to eradicate it …show more content…
Currently Pfizer is one of the leading employers in Ireland with companies based in Cork, Dublin and Kildare. The company discovers, develops and manufactures prescription medicine in areas such as oncology, neuroscience and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS. The neuroscience research part of Pfizer is continuously working on discovering treatments for neurological and psychiatric diseases such as Parkinson’s disease or Schizophrenia. Apart from the neuroscience research Pfizer is also running trials on cancer treatments with a current clinical trial of medication called Ibrance which has positively slowed the progression of breast cancer and is the first and only FDA approved medication in the new class of …show more content…
It focuses on conditions such as the nervous central system disorders, schizophrenia, depression and multiple sclerosis. Up to date Alkermes has 5 main products sold worldwide that focus on above conditions. As well as distributing medication that help patients with schizophrenia and addiction Alkermes also gives out medical grants for independent medical and scientific program educations that focus on substance abuse and dependance as well as mental health, by giving out these grants the company gets a deeper understanding to those conditions through the work of the independent companies through research as well as the work they do with
One of the biggest contribution was the polio vaccine.
This allowed the vaccine to be cheap to research and have a low cost. Since it was cheap to research Albert Sabin was able to create an oral polio vaccine. The oral vaccine is now used to vaccinate people in developing countries. Around the 1950s there was a polio epidemic and the cheap cost made it available to everyone, and since 1979 there have been no reported cases of polio in the United States. It should be disclosed that at the time patenting a biological agent was unheard
The HeLa strain, was and still is the greatest medical contributions ever. Jonas Salk is known for using the HeLa strain to develop the polio vaccine, which igniting mass interest in the
Genetic engineering is changing the DNA code to express different traits. A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA that contains important genetic information. Recombinant DNA is the product after inserting your desired genes. The genes we hoped to insert in the pGLO lab were the GFP gene and the ampicillin resistance gene. GFP was needed so that we would tell if the ampicillin resistance gene had been properly placed when the bacteria glowed under a UV light.
Originally, on Tuskegee University, monkey cells were being used to measure the quantity of antibody developed in response to the poliovirus infection. However, since there were not large enough quantities of the cells, another host cell was needed, which ended up being HeLa. With the immortality of HeLa cells and its ability to be easily infected by the poliovirus, it was an amazing alternative source, from there the poliovirus vaccine was created. Before this vaccine, right around 1953, there were close to 60,000 polio cases in the United States. Destroying the results of the polio vaccination could put society in distress, and maybe even beat the amount of polio cases from
One of the most shocking controversy concerns one of the biggest economic industry in the world. Pharmaceutical compagnies are apparently willing to do everything for money, even risking people’s life. They have been accused to invent illness and create the treatments to increase the demand of medications. One of the recent example is the H1N1. Likely, they created the vaccine way before the illness appears.
Throughout the ages of mankind, asking questions about their future and the world is normal. Whether it 's what causes a person to have certain traits, or why a banana has Potassium in it. When scientists discovered hereditary and genes, it led to the discovery of altering DNA, and how could change our society. Genetic Engineering is modifying the genetic material in foods and organisms. Genetic Engineering is beneficial and should be encouraged in all countries.
Pfizer has a significant amount of cash on hand and investments held overseas. Changes to the US corporate tax system now means overseas cash is taxed at 15%. This means Pfizer can more easily access funds with less penalty. Human Resources Management. • Staff Recruitment • Training
The author of the work “Genetic Engineering” is Francis Fukuyama. The work details some of the advances that genetic engineering has made, along with the advances genetic engineering could make. Fukuyama in the writing “Genetic Engineering” states the advances genetic engineering has made, the several different methods of genetic engineering, the obstacles that obstruct the progress of genetic engineering, and considerations to make about genetic engineering. Finally, Fukuyama concludes with two major points about genetic engineering.
Nonetheless, because of patent lapses and new effective medication dispatches, the positioning of top pharmaceutical organizations always confronts various varieties. The most sold medication in 2003 was Lipitor made by Pfizer, with a worldwide piece of the pie of 2.2%, or identically deals worth $10.3 billion. Amid this time, there were 64 blockbusters (items creating over $ 1 billion in deals). Also, the pharmaceutical area has been portrayed with a high M&A action – a certainty that further adds to the consistent variety in the rankings and the dynamism of the pharmaceutical business by and large. For instance, in 2003, preceding the merger occurred, Aventis involved fifth spot, as measured by level of incomes, and Sanofi came in thirteenth.
Science has enabled us to thrive in a world where change is a must if an organism wishes to live. It has allowed for us to bend and twist the world at our feet, even having enough strength to repel the touch of death. Genetic engineering is the next scientific advancement that will stand close in the near future. It has the capability of modifying the food production process, elimination of diseases and disorders, and the guarantation of the best traits in an organism.
PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS - PHARMA INDUSTRY Using Porter's Five Forces we can analyse the scope of the pharmaceutical industry. It looks into five factors namely, competitive rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of customers. " Competitive rivalry: The pharmaceutical industry is highly fragmented with almost 3,000 pharma companies and 10,500 manufacturing units. Due to increasing demand of high-quality drugs, low-to-moderate entry barrier to the new entrant, the presence of a number of large and small firm this market is highly competitive.
This essay will look more on the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering has some advantages. Firstly it allows for faster growth rate .Genetic engineering allows of plants or animals to be modified so their maturity can occur at a quicker pace outside of the normal growth conditions that are favourable without genetic changes as well .Secondly, it may also provide a cure for disease to improve health (apecsecadmin, 2014). Genetic engineering can be used to eradicate a number of incurable and deadly disease which could be done by identifying the genes that cause these disease, and manipulate them to prevent people from contracting these potentially deadly diseases.
Genetic modification is the changing of the DNA structure of an organism to affect what that organism does or looks like. According to Stefan Riedel, a microbiologist “Biological Weapons may be more potent than conventional and chemical weapons” (Riedel). This quote shows Bioterrorism effectiveness by showing how it could be more effective than conventional warfare. If countries apply the technology they have to Bioterrorism. Bioweapons could be used more commonly than what countries use today for battle such as guns and tanks.
Patent is given to a pharmaceutical company for 20 years in this period company has monopoly on the drug so it control the market. This is given because it takes a very long period and a huge investment to develop a new drug. The market of these industries is the human disease and to prosper they don’t aim on morals but on profits. This is the reason why drugs are not made for getting rid of diseases but to control the symptoms of the disease. They earn their revenues from the ongoing disease.