Introduction to the History of the English Language
BLS3023
English Influence in Malay Language (Loanwords)
NAME : IZMAWATI BINTI SODDING
MATRIC NO. : BBAL15041449
CLASS : BEN A
LECTURER’S NAME : PROF. MADYA DR. MOHD. NAZRI BIN LATIFF AZMI
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 19th NOVEMBER 2015
INTRODCUTION
Language is extremely complex form of communication used by human and has its unique characteristics. Language also is a system of communication based upon words and the combination of words into sentences and it is turns to communication. In other words, language also as the symbols we use in order to communicate with one another, and the rules that govern how we use them in communication. One of the interesting facts, there are
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“The phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing are well-known traits in the speech pattern of the average bilingual in any human society the world over‟ (Ayeomoni, 2006). In Malaysia, as a multiracial, multicultural, multireligion and multiethnic, they also have their own range in their language through their communication. Myers Scotton (1993) defines that “code-switching as the selection by bilinguals of forms from an embedded language (or languages) in utterance of a matrix language during the same conversation”. It is proven that the phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing were influenced by their environment and acquiring the language in their daily communication. In addition, this phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing are well known nowadays also because of the phenomenon of globalization. As we know, globalization can be clarify as the result of advancement of science and technology, business or any other terms included education and for sure it is donated a lot by using the code-switching and code-mixing to easier the …show more content…
Anyway, what do experts say about the concept of „code-switching?‟:
4. Reasons for Code switching
Code-switching has many social meanings. Volumes have been written about the reasons, role and functions for its use in different settings in different societies. In a study to examine the ways code-switching is employed by pre-school Malaysian children,
Karen Kow (2003;62) listed 10 conditions which are favourable for code switching:
• lack of one word in either language;
• some activities have only been experienced in one of the languages;
• some concepts are easier to express in one of the languages; • a misunderstanding has to be clarified;
• one wishes to create a certain communicative effect;
• one continues to speak the language latest used because of the trigger effect; • one wants to make a point;
• one wishes to express group solidarity; • one wishes to exclude another person from the dialogue.
According to Holmes (2001;8-10), people sometimes switch codes within a domain or social
Therefore, she uses code switching much less than Jeremiah. Although Ellie’s lack of relationships is one factor, it isn’t the only component shown. When Jeremiah and Ellie are skipping class and walking to the park, a woman asks Ellie “Are you all right?” (Woodson 106). This causes Jeremiah to feel annoyed and leads to another reason Jeremiah uses code switching, feeling like everywhere him and Ellie go, he has to be careful or change the way he acts/talks in public.
Young’s definition of code switching is a transition or deliberate changing of a certain style of language use to another. In the article, Young argues that the traditional unspoken bias towards code switching that is expected at school and/or in the workplace, is discriminatory
Nowadays, we are getting increasingly more of different types of culture and languages in our country.. After reviewing Amy Tan’s “Mother Tongue” and Carmen Fought’s “Language as a Representation of Mexican American Identity,” Tan and Fought agree that non-standard English speakers frequently engage in code-switching, and they argue that standard English speakers need to be more sensitive to and appreciative
The author, Angie Thomas, displays the effects of code-switching in minorities by utilizing
Speakers form and establish a pidgin language when two or more speakers who do not speak a common language form an intermediate, third language. On the other hand, speakers practice code-switching when they are each fluent in both languages. Code mixing is a thematically related term, but the usage of the terms code-switching and code-mixing varies. Some scholars use either term to denote the same practice, while others apply code-mixing to denote the formal linguistic properties of language-contact phenomena, and code-switching to denote the actual, spoken usages by multilingual persons. Literature scholars use the term code- switching to describe literary styles which include elements from more than one language, e.g. novels by Latino writers,
Summary of "Mother Tongue" by Amy Tan In "Mother Tongue, Amy Tan writes about how her mother 's broken English affects her life. She begins this narrative essay by talking about the day she became aware of the different forms of English that she was using at home and during formal events. Amy says, "The talk was going along well enough, until I remembered one major difference that made the whole talk sound wrong. My mother was in the room. And it was perhaps the first time she had heard me give a lengthy speech, using the kind of English I have never used with her" (Tan 1).
The studies first purpose is to examine code switching in children AAE speakers. The second purpose to examine the impact being in a literary context that promote SE has AAE speakers. The results of the study showed a high frequency of code switching among child AAE speakers. Dr. Holly K. Craig is a research professor at the University of Michigan’s Department of Education. Interestingly, Dr. Gisselle E. Kolenic is the lead statistician at the University of Michigan’s department of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
Malay is a language spoken in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, and Thailand. Malay comes from Austronesian languages which are divided into four groups. They are Indonesian, Malanesian, Autronesian, and Polynesian. Malay or Bahasa Melayu is a national language in Malaysia and it is used as a language instruction in education, in formal or informal settings or events. Malay and English language even differ in their origin and history.
Language is a system of communication consisting of sounds, words and grammar, or the system of communication used by the people of a particular country or profession. Even animals communicate. Birds use sound and movement to transfer information. Likewise human beings use sound and movement like speech and gesture to communicate. Language is the fundamental factor leading and affecting communication.
This has been observed that such people have great skills of accent neutralization, syntax understanding and code switching. Drastic changes are also witness on the part of being bilingual. It has been reasoned thatbilingual people have the capacity to grasp concept easily and they have the aptitude of learning language more easily then multilingual. Cognitive flexibility is also regarded as one of the major skills of bilingualindividual. It
Furthermore, this may lead to disruptive behavior as the teacher cannot demand good behavior from their learners and thus there will not be enough time to teach a certain subject if all the time spent is on trying to get their learners to work (Rodrigo: 2016). Another negative aspect of code-switching is miscommunication and misinterpreting what has been said. This could lead to a teacher being offensive to learners if a phrase or sentence is used incorrectly and thus diminishing the professional relationship between students and teachers. For example, a teacher might say a phrase in another language but a student could take the phrase out of context, which may cause many problems.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Definition and backgrounds of theories and concepts connected to this study are provided in this chapter. Reviews of previous studies on code-switching, bilingualism and computer mediated communication which are homogenous to this study are provided. 2.1. Bilingualism 2.1.1. Definition of bilingualism
1. A language is a group of symbols with rules which carry messages between people. Language is rule-governed: Phonological rules: It's how words when people enunciate them out loud. There are words which can be same in two languages, however, can sound very different by two natives.
Language is an important part of our life. Language and communication cannot separate. People use the language as a means of communication to express their ideas and feelings. They communicate either with each other using language in every social interaction; communicate with others directly or indirectly in the spoken and written form. Therefore, language is an important thing of communication in social life.
Language is an abstract concept which needed by people to communicate. Language has an intrinsic meaning which represents an image and it is also symbolic however not only symbolic. Language is also a complex system and it is creative and productive meaning that you can product many words. Language does not only include objects but also includes all the images and concepts of the world. There is an abstraction of a real world.