QUESTION 1: Introduction and Background
(Ashish Pareek – H14017)
Case 2.1
In our study we have tried to analyse the famous bankruptcy case of Enron. The AOL framework would help us analyse what really went wrong and to synthesize our findings. The Enron case is more than a decade old, and despite the recent global recession, does not fail to highlight the misuse of management control at large corporate houses. The Sarbanes Oxley Act or SOX as it is popularly called was an outcome of this debacle. Several other cases of financial misrepresentations were uncovered after the Enron fallout which eventually led to the collapse of large firms like Worldcomm. It was a watershed moment in the history of world finance as it was the largest corporate
…show more content…
Because corporate executives and organizations are both economic and social institutional forces, their responsibilities to the public are large and go beyond the sanctions of law and demands of competition. In serving each other, they must strike at some unity that goes beyond a mere melding of self-interests to sharing of socially responsible values and ideals. It is the responsibility of a firm to ensure that social values are upheld & any observed deficiencies are aptly removed. On the contrary, Enron as a whole utilised lack of sanctions at the time to exploit public for their selfish goals. In her responsible position, Sherron should have better understood her duty to the society with the unique information she stumbled …show more content…
Opportunism is "seeking self-interest with guile" (Williamson 1985) or seeking "self-interest unconstrained by morality" (Milgrom and Roberts 1992). Enron’s peculiar positioning & the context at that particular period allowed top management to throw morality, virtues & ethics out of equation & barge ahead with their cunning strategies. The false promises with inflated revenues & associated corruption targeted towards taking advantage of the situation to their corrupt
“It’s Good Business,” by Robert Solomon presents the concept of ethics within the business world, and argues against greed and amoral thinking, as being inherent in business. This paper will address seven questions presented by Shaw and Barry (2016) using Solomon’s reading as a backdrop to explore how and why ethical errors occur within business; whether the “myth of amoral business” exists; and, whether unethical behavior hurts business as a whole
This is a cautionary tale of how corporate crime can cause severe harm. The shareholders were prevented by those perpetuating the fraud from selling while the stock was falling, while at the same time they moved their money out of the company. The final outcome was that the perpetrators being Jeff Schilling CEO, Ken Lay, and chief financial officer Andrew Fastow each received hefty sentences. According to CNN, Skilling was originally sentenced to 24 years, the longest sentence of any Enron perpetrator, and has been incarcerated in the federal prison system since his 2006 conviction. He had been facing a release date of Feb. 21, 2028,” (Smith).
Enron Analysis Enron is a great play which presents a dry story about business in a colorful and cartoonish way and impressed me with a variety of elements, including video, music, choreography, and dance. This is a play depicts the spectacular collapse of a Texan energy giant-Enron. As an audience, I witnessed how a business empire was built on shadows, accruing debts of 38 billion dollars and finally going bust in this two hours and thirty minutes play. In the following passage, I will describe, analyze, and interpret this play both about its script, including characters and plots, and its production, such as the videos, stage props and customs.
This proves that throughout the case, Cendant Corporation wasn’t acting fully ethical nor with the desired fiduciary actions to their investors and the auditing team in this case being Ernst&Young. Aside from the trust being broken apart between both, there was never a sign of an internal control inside Cedant. Therefore, there shows that the corporate governance for Cendant Corporation didn’t have signs of existence as well. Most frauds that were occurring before the implementation of the SOX-2002, had top management such as in Cendant that didn’t have care for the ethical performances as much as in today’s corporate world with more regulations in hand by the government. At the end, Cendant had filings against them concerning their corporate governance
It is the firm’s obligation to evaluate in its decision-making processes the effects of its decisions on the external social system in a manner that will accomplish social benefits along with the traditional economic gains, which the firm seeks. It means that social responsibility begins where the law ends. A firm is not being socially responsible if it merely complies with the minimum requirements of the law, because this is what any good citizen would do.” A firm will not survive without the support of both the stakeholders and shareholders, thus the CSR proposes the indication which states that a firm can never exist In a vacuum (Khalidah et. al.).
A) Introduction Unethical behaviors in business affect everyone since you either work in the field or are a consumer of its services. Unfortunately, almost every company usually has individuals who act unethically whether it is for their personal benefit or for the sake of the company they work for. Unethical behaviors in business might be as simple as using company property or funds for personal gain to inside trading and financial fraud. According to The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, nearly one third of business professionals feel pressured to compromise their ethical standards and are increasingly pushed towards unethical behavior. Moreover, “misconduct is common and accepted by business services professionals, the integrity of entire economic systems is at risk”, states Jordan A. Thomas, partner and chair of the Whistleblower Representation Practice at Labaton Sucharow law firm.
Executive Summary Lehman Brothers were an investment bank involved in transactions worth billions of dollars and one of the most powerful investment banks in the world. Lehman Brothers collapsed in 2008 following bad investment in the sub-prime mortgage market and used bad accounting practices called Repo 105 transactions to try and cover up the bad assets. This report sets out the use of the fraud triangle when describing the actions which led to the collapse. The pressure applied on the bank, the opportunity due to the lack of regulation to carry out the actions and the ability of the bank to rationalise their decision making.
1. What factors in the WorldCom case support the conclusion that CEO Bernie Ebbers Knew about the financial statement fraud? What factors support his defense that he did not know about the fraud? Bernie Ebbers Knew about the financial statement fraud because he was the one who encourage others to go into financial fraud because of the stock prices were going down, which was affecting his marginal loan. For that reason, he was trying to sell his stock, but the board of Directors lent him $341 million, along with 2% interest rate.
Kenneth Lay, Mr. Jeffrey Skilling and the company CFO, Mr. Andrew Fastow .The management level of Enron Corporation had misconduct the code of ethics and fail to performing the duties of a corporation which is telling the truth of the situation of a corporation .Instead , they tried try to hide the truth of their financial status and create a false prosperity situation and make the public believe on them in order to support their shares prices . The misconduct of code of ethics by the management level by Enron corporation has led to the another question – The ultimate responsibility of a corporation towards society ? The ultimate responsibility of a corporation is to gain profit or become a stable economic unit ?
From Milton Friedman’s view, maximizing profit is the only focus of any business corporation, so long as it does not violate the state’s laws and the fundamental rules of society. Most firms are disposed to agree the above statement, thinking that business as a whole should not perform social responsibility at a cost of shareholders ('Shareholder value or social responsibility?', 2007). However, the case of ‘Brent Spar’ revealed the failure of corporate social responsibilities, showed that complying with the legislative requirements is insufficient from the view of the
AMAZON’S CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES: Most major companies have embraced the power of CSR to drive brand affinity while also effecting tangible positive social and environmental impact, but some corporations remain conspicuously absent from the CSR landscape. Amazon.com, dubbed by its own hometown as a "corporate scrooge," is one of those companies notably turning a blind eye to demands for CSR. But now, the online retail giant may be changing its tune. There were four pillars to Amazon’s CSR:- •Economic responsibilities - As a foundation companies are responsible to produce goods and services in a profitable matter. In addition companies create jobs and create career opportunities.
1.0 Introduction Business ethics refers to what is right and wrong, good and bad, harmful and beneficial regarding decisions and actions in organizational transactions (Weiss, 2009). So how to identify the unethical business practices? It is very easily. For example, which are company use child labor, produce tainted products, false advertising, infringement, polluted environment and etc.
Background WorldCom, once known as one of the most powerful telecommunication organizations of the world, is now studied as a case of a fraudulent company that carried out unethical financial activities to cover its weakening position in the market. After some aggressive investment decisions, the company started to witness huge financial pressure. The management used various forged accounting entries to conceal its weakening position. Cynthia Cooper, Vice President Internal Audit, discovered the unethical activities and raised the issue with the management and relevant departments and received bitter responses. She carried out internal audits in her own capacity with her colleagues and compiled evidence against fraudulent activities.
• Ethical Responsibilities Even though economical and legal responsibilities exemplify about fairness and justice, ethical responsibilities cover those activities and practices that are expected or prohibited by members of society even though they are not codified in law. Ethical responsibilities represent those norms, standards or expectations that reflect a jest of what employees, consumers and shareholders regard as just, fair or in keeping the protection or respect of stakeholders’ moral rights. They are important to perform in a manner consistent with expectations of societal and ethical norms. The firms should recognize and respect the ethical moral norms adopted by society from time to time.
Review of Literature Unethical behavior can tarnish a company’s image and reputation. If a company is unethical, they may have to spend additional money to improve their public image, as well as gain back as many customers as possible. The reason I have chosen to use articles that are quite a few years old and that are not so recent is because I feel that they are very good examples of what I am trying to prove in the terms of ethical behaviour within companies and these specific articles relate well to my chosen topic.