Exothermic Reaction

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An exothermic reaction is any reaction that once done gives out energy to its surroundings. The energy given out is usually in the form of heat energy. This release of heat energy increases the temperature of the reaction mixture itself as well as the surroundings. The reason heat energy is given out is due to the fact that during exothermic reactions, chemical bonds are being formed. Exothermic reactions can be used in everyday lives such as body warmers.

ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
An endothermic reaction is the opposite to that of an exothermic reaction as this type takes in energy from its surroundings. This energy obtained is in the form of heat and brings a drop in temperature making everything around and the reaction mixture to become cold. The taking in of energy is due to the fact that bonds are being broken. Endothermic reactions can be used in everyday lives such as cold packs for sports injuries.

ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION
This is a change in enthalpy when one mole of a substance is completely burned under the standard conditions. Both the products and reactants are in their standard states. Enthalpy of combustion is a type of exothermic reaction and so it will always be negative.

ENTHALPY OF NEUTRALISATION …show more content…

This type of force is dependent upon the size of the molecules and atoms in the reaction.

Hydrogen bond
This is a strong bond that affects any bond consisting of hydrogen and an electronegative atom (fluorine, nitrogen and oxygen). Water is a good example of hydrogen bond. The boiling point of water (100oC) is due to the high number of hydrogen bonds that each molecule is able to form. Hydrogen bonds cause substances to have high boiling points. Also, hydrogen bonds affect the viscosity of a substance. The more hydrogen there are in a bond the higher the viscosity will be.

Dipole

M1 (b)
Hot packs
These work by the process of exothermic reaction. They give off heat when they dissolve in water. The hot packs work by removing the seal which then causes the water and the chemicals to mix together. In most hot packs magnesium sulphate or calcium chloride are the chemicals used because they are able to dissolve in water and produce heat. Hot packs can get as high as 90oC. Hot packs aid in reducing swelling to muscles or joints and also just to provide warmth. When a hot pack is placed on the designated area, blood flow is increased to that part of the

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