Diesel Engine Research Paper

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CERIUM OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES AND THEIR CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN DIESEL SOOT ABATEMENT

Introduction:-

Air is the most essential constituent of environment for the sustenance of life on earth. In pure air, the proportion of different constituents like oxygen, nitrogen and other gases is fixed and definite. Overall health of our body and mind heavily depends upon the amount of pure, fresh air breathed. But, now a day’s pollution is the biggest threat to life. Major part of environment is getting polluted because of the mixing of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOX), & volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) produced by emission from diesel engines. Diesel engines are one of the largest contributors to environmental

Evaluation of Human Health Risk from Cerium Added to Diesel Fuel, Communication 9. Health Effects Institute; North Andover, MA: 2001. http://pubs.healtheffects.org/getfile.php?u=295

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Farfaletti and colleagues8 assessed how doping diesel fuel with a mixture of organometallic compounds based mainly on Ce (used as a combustion improvement catalyst) affected heavy-duty and light-duty engine emissions of PM, CO, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalence quotient (B[a]P-TEQ). B[a]P-TEQ, is used to express toxicity of a mix of PAHs through equivalent toxicity of only one compound: benzo[a]pyrene.9

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Larsen BR. Effect of water/ fuel emulsions and a cerium-based combustion improver additive on HD and LD diesel exhaust emissions. Environ Sci Technol. 2005; 39(17):6792–6799.10.1021/es048345v [PubMed: 16190241]

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The PM is mostly composed of carbon, metal compound ashes and heavy organic compounds (soot), having adsorbed unburned hydrocarbons and condensed sulfates (SOF) on its surface. The nitrogen oxides of the polluting emission gases are formed fundamentally at high temperatures in the low fuel/air ratio regions of the combustion chamber. These oxides are mainly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and are collectively called NOx. The NOx generation during combustion processes can take place through three different reaction paths, which have unique characteristics