Increase in fossil fuel combustion has altered atmospheric composition over last century and more so in urban areas where air quality has generally deteriorated. Pollutants, like ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) have varied composition, properties, emission rates, degeneration time and diffusion potential. Urban trees being near to the emission sources have a positive effect on local air quality. Trees when properly selected and managed, have potential to improve quality of urban air (Nowak, 2000).
Oxygen production is the most commonly cited benefit of trees but Nowak et al. (2007) opined that considering the large amount
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Highest pollutant levels have been recorded within the range of 100 to 150 meters of highways and remain high up to 300 to 500 meters or even more (Karner et al., 2010). It has been projected that nearly 30-45 per cent of people in US cities live within high pollutant zones of the roads. Strong evidence has been found between traffic generated air pollution and asthma flare up. Incidence of childhood asthma, other respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases have also been found to increase in the polluted zones and traffic associated pollution has emerged as a major public health issue which deserves serious attention (HEI, 2010).
Broadleaf trees have been reported to be more efficient in pollution removal than conifers. Seasonal variation between types of leaves, their arrangement and physiology have also been observed (Alonso et al., 2011). Vegetation barriers along roads effectively reduce air pollution. Lower concentration of pollutants has been recorded downwind of trees along highways. Planting large sized trees after construction had immediate impact on pollution levels (Baldauf et al.,
“ A tree grows in Brooklyn” by Betty Smith is an interesting book. Every chapter talks about the poverty in the 20th century in America. The author, Betty, does not only refer poverty as the lack of food, shelter, etc. “Tree” is a coming of age story and that is one reason why I believe it should be in the ninth grade curriculum. This book teaches us about poverty, the fall of innocence, education, and sexuality.
Do you like school? In the novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is focused around a girl named Francie who is going through poverty and struggles at home, yet she doesn’t let that define her. She is determined to learn, she loves school. She gets a good education and is determined to make something of herself.
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a coming-of-age novel by Betty Smith that tells the story of Francie Nolan, a young girl growing up in poverty in Brooklyn during the early 1920s. Throughout the book, Francie and her family experience adversity and prejudice. Through these experiences, the book explores the themes of classism and poverty through the characters of Ms. Gardner, Johnny Nolan, and Katie Nolan. Ms. Gardner, Francies English teacher, demonstrates the discrimination and classism that many impoverished people of the time faced. Her beliefs came to light when she was reading one of Francies assigned compositions.
Tenement districts in Brooklyn throughout the early 1900s provided challenges that entire families were forced to handle. A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, by Betty Smith, depicts the Nolan family facing difficulties that even children had to overcome while they lived in one of these districts. Francie Nolan, the main character of the novel, is faced with the greatest difficulty of them all: growing up. Poverty was one aspect of Francie’s life that caused her to lack certain fundamental features of a regular child’s life. This is shown through Francie consistently being without food due to poverty, and having to discover for herself in a very difficult way that hunger was a painfully real issue.
The Bronx is an incredibly urban and populated area attracting traffic from all over. It is home to waste sites, distribution centers, power plants, and so much more. Though each building gives off a different type of waste, whether it be smog from smokestacks or diesel exhaust from trucks, each of these large sites that exist throughout this small area give off a fine particulate matter known as PM2.5. This matter is essentially what contributes to the difficulty breathing people experience as these tiny particles can become lodged in a person’s lungs over time. Studies have consistently found a strong correlation between PM2.5 and conditions like asthma, lung disease, and heart disease.
The effect of reduced forest size has already had a measurable impact on the composition of our atmosphere in the relatively short amount of time we have been cutting them down(6). Ironically however it is the conversion of forest land to urban and agriculture use that has a more permanent and detrimental impact. Logging and urbanization lead to forest succession. Forest succession happens when there are changes to an environment that causes the composition of plant and animal species to change. New species succeed the existing ones as a result of things like changes in amount of shade, temperature, or the introduction of foreign species.
It is Not like We Need It to Breathe or Anything - the Issue of Air Pollution in Utah One of the largest issues that our society currently faces as it moves towards the future is the issue of air pollution, and its effects on our daily lives. A negative externality caused by our dependence on modern technology, industrial fields, and engineering, this increasingly dangerous impurity is harmful to both nature and people. Air pollution is a constant problem all over the United States, especially in the larger industrial sectors such as large cities where fossil fuels are constantly being burned by factories, motorized vehicles, and power plants. In the state of Utah, air pollution is a constant problem caused by many different factors, such
Some cities in china have everyone wear gas masks when they go outside. That 's just tragic! Can you imagine getting lung cancer for standing outside for 10 minutes? Cars can release 2 different kinds of pollution. There is primary pollution that goes straight into the air to pollute it and secondary pollution.
Automotive emission related air pollution must be reduced before its effects on health can
The cool, upland air, flooding through the everlasting branches of the lively tree, as it casts a vague shadow onto the grasses ' fine green. Fresh sunlight penetrates through the branches of the tree, illuminating perfect spheres of water upon its green wands. My numb and almost transparent feet are blanketed by the sweetness of the scene, as the sunlight paints my lips red, my hair ebony, and my eyes honey-like. The noon sunlight acts as a HD camera, telling no lies, in the world in which shadows of truth are the harshest, revealing every flaw in the sight, like a toddler carrying his very first camera, taking pictures of whatever he sees. My head looks down at the sight of my cold and lifeless feet, before making its way up to the reaching arms of an infatuating tree, glowing brightly virescent at the edges of the trunk, inviting a soothing, tingling sensation to my soul.
With deforestation being one of these roles because when we chop down these trees and plants of where animals habitats our it also releases a lot of carbon dioxide into the air. And if you didn’t know forests are major carbon storage centers, when deforestation happens all the carbon dioxide that is stored in these forests; is released back into the atmosphere. Deforestation not only contributes to changes in the climate, it also causes localized changes in the weather. Trees transpire, or release water into the atmosphere, during photosynthesis. This water replenishes clouds and maintains rainfall.
Many aren’t aware of the problem we have with urban sprawl. Everywhere we go we see farmlands and forest being destroyed to build houses, offices, and parks. There are many issues towards urban sprawl in how it affects our country and certain areas that could affect individuals. We already have many environmental issues we have to deal with like global warming, climate changes, deforestation, and pollution. Urban sprawl has increased certain environmental issues starting with deforestation.
Sustainable forest management requires three major criteria which are the maintenance of ecological processes within the forest (soil formation, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nutrient and hydrological cycles), maintenance of biodiversity of forest, improving the net social benefits derived from the mixture of forest uses within the constraints by considering the future. Forest provides habitats for more than half of the fauna and flora on the Earth (SCBD, 2001). Forest biome plays an important role in mitigating climate change by serving as carbon sinks (Hassan et al., 2005). Forest land is the most fundamental natural resources which become reduced mainly due to anthropogenic pressures. For proper management of land, it is essential to have information about existing land cover and about the naturalness of the land.
There are many problems that threatens society and one problem in particular, air pollution is a problem that threatens everyone. Air pollution is the contamination of air with pollutants that are harmful to humans, animals, and the environment. It began to be a problem when humans discovered the uses of fire and then the amount of air pollution exponentially grew after the industrial revolution, and is still a problem even today. The largest causes of air pollution are from human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and gas emissions from manufacturing plants. There are ways that ordinary people can help contribute to prevent air pollution and or else face the dangerous consequences of polluted air.
In recent decades, urban cities turned to become an attractive place for people from Different cultures to live in. This movement from different cultures to urban areas caused a significant change and development to urban cities and made it an extrovert area for different backgrounds. Cross (1989) defined culture as “ an integrated pattern of Human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group”(p.7). Nowadays, we are living and socializing with different cultures and backgrounds in urban areas, which lead to a significant change in our life. I believe that living in a cultural diversity city make us more extrovert and creative