Epidemiology Chapter Summary

The epidemiologic triangle consists of the host, the agent and the environment. According to the CDC (2012), the Host is the organism harboring the disease. The agent is the microbe that causes the disease and the environment is those external factors that cause or allow disease transmission. The epidemiologic triangle for Tuberculosis is as follow: The agent is the Tuberculosis organism. The hosts are poor nutrition, concurrent disease and low immunity. Lastly, the environment are, crowding, poor ventilation and bad

to the prevalence in Sweden, therefore it is important to analyse the factors which cause

Without the individuals that physically collect samples, analyze data, and formulate conclusions, there would be no possibility of stopping the start or spread of disease. Although preventive measures are achievable, it is imperative to understand the nature and spread of disease. Epidemiology investigators are essential to this process.

There are four main different categories of diseases, the first is infectious this can be passed on through person to person, this causes viruses, bacteria and fungus an example of this is thrush which is a fungus bacterium. Secondly there is the deficiency disease an example of this is anemia which is caused by lack of iron. There is also the hereditary disease an example of this disease is sickle cell and cystic fibrosis. Lastly there is the physiological disease an example of this is asthma and diabetes. 1.1

Healthcare managers are constantly assessing patients and collecting information. This information is used to appropriately implement prevention and treatment for patients. The second outcome integrates analysis of information gathered by healthcare personnel to identify trends and inconsistencies within the healthcare population. Through this the origin of problems can be ascertained, and preventive measures can be instituted. Subsequently prevention will decrease incidences and ultimately the cost to

Infectious diseases are the invasion of host organisms, (microbes) which can be invisible to the eyes. The microbes are also known as pathogens. A microbe infects an organism (which is known as the host of the microbe). In a human host, the microorganism causes a disease by either disrupting an important body process or by stimulating the immune system to mount a defensive reaction. The pathogen, interferes with the normal functioning of the host and can lead to chronic wounds, gangrene, loss of an infected limb, and even death. The host's response to infection is inflammation. An interaction between parasite and host, whereby the relationship is beneficial for the former but detrimental to the latter, is characterized as parasitism.

2) Now go back to the "Data" page and click on "Colorado's 10 Winnable Battles". List the 10 Winnable Battles and the objectives under each:

Groom HC et al. (2014) sought to determine whether there are differences between blacks and whites in influenza vaccine-seeking behavior. It is a problem because patient initiative in seeking out influenza vaccination may be an important aspect to consider when evaluating racial/ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination among adults. Research questions that the authors investigated is whether the proportion of vaccinated person 65 years and older who sought out influenza vaccination varies by race, and whether any relationship between attitudes toward influenza vaccination and vaccine seeking. The target population is adults 65 years and older. They used probability sample design because they analyzed a national sample 3138 adults

studying whether exposure to a certain type of chemical results in more frequent cancer diagnoses

In this situation there are key ethical and legal situations that arise from the treatment and transportation of Craig. As the police are now involved the paramedics have better assistance with the legal side of restraint however the ethical issues remain import and need to be managed correctly.

According to CDC -The social determinants of health are the environment, conditions and system in which people are born, live and work. These environments are formed by a different forces that have a direct influence on the status of health such as economics, politics, and social policies.( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Many different factors have direct impact on state of health of individual, such as: diet, sex, age, smoking and alcohol use, income , environment where person live, insurance coverage and access to healthcare services ( quality ) and education level, social support, community safety. All these factors significantly contribute to well and how long we live. For example of how Social determinants can affect health - premature or low birth weight baby can be result of low income, low education level, alcohol use, inability to access prenatal care, environment where mother live, poor diet.

Social causation of disease is described as the origin of illness that results from social environment, social interactions, or social factors. On the other hand, biological factors are not the only cause of disease as social causation and presume that social factors such as socioeconomic status (SES), religion, and social networks have an effect on the severity of illness and mortality. The idea that social interaction and culture play a major role in the causation of disease has been present in social thought since the discussion of the interaction between politics and mortality. Social causes of disease can be divided into fundamental causes and proximate lifestyle causes ( Link & Phelan, 1995). Nevertheless, causes of illness can directly

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events including disease and the application of the study to the control of disease and other health problem. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigation; surveillance determinants. The important of epidemiology on the whole is to improve the health of population. This essay will focus on the importance of epidemiology and how it relates to nursing .There will be definition of health, disease and nursing.

I have always wanted to pursue a career related to the medical field, and it wasn't until my freshman year of college that I encountered the area of public health. I was immediately drawn to the specific area of epidemiology and infectious diseases. I am now a junior at the University of Texas majoring in Public Health with a concentration in microbiology and infectious diseases. I find epidemiology so enthralling, as it is implements ways in which we can scientifically and statistically describe diseases and the mortality/morbidity as well as predict how and why they spread. More so, I think the infectious disease aspect is interesting as well, because while the United States has shifted from burden of infectious disease to that of chronic

“Quantitative research is conducted in a context of previous knowledge” (Polit & Beck, 2017, p. 54)., which could limit a researcher based off their amount of previous knowledge on the subject being studied. And the researcher collect data from a sample size of a population. The sample’s adequacy is assessed by its size and representativeness. (Polit & Beck, 2017). A small sample size could limit the validity of the