Episiotomy Literature Review
Introduction
This section will summarise the literature reviewed in order to gain in depth understanding of the subject studied, episiotomy.
There have been many studies carried out related to episiotomies, most of which focus on clinical implication of intervention, however this literature review has a little content of the women experience as there is limited source available regarding the issues. All studies accessed most of it were international studies. From the literature, several key topics were identified and discussed however, due to word constraints only the most relevant topics will be chosen to discuss in detail while others may only be mentioned in this section. These chosen themes include trends of episiotomy, factors that influence episiotomy, understanding the pros and cons, coping mechanism of episiotomy.
Trends of episiotomy
It has been shown that episiotomy has been continuously being an interest for researchers towards an evidence-based practice. It was commonly accepted practice after a hundred years since its introduction. National Centre for Health Statistics (2000) reported 61.1%, 55.6%, 47.2%, and 39.3% episiotomy rates in 1985, 1990, 1995, 1998 in the United State (US), whereas in Malaysia it is reported 69% rate of episiotomy (Sulaiman et al., 2013). Goldberg et
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