Erikson's Life Span Development Theory: A Case Study
Introduction Attachment is the strong emotional and affectionate connection which forms between infant and caregiver within the second half of the child’s first year (Santrock, 2012). It is a behaviour system whereby regulation of emotional distress is performed. Attachment consist of active behaviours and signalling behaviours to stimulate close proximity with parent (Bell & Ainsworth, 1972). Hence, babies who desire constant regular contact have separation anxiety and distress when parents leave them temporarily. Examples of attachment include touching parent’s face. Life-span development theory The Erikson’s life-span development theory consists of eight stages, whereby each stage consists of a developmental task with a crisis confrontation. …show more content…
Hence, negative reinforcement is used to stop the crying. Another article assessed the infants after observing infants and their mothers in the Strange Situation at 12 months. Positive reinforcement was used to soothe crying infants. When the infant cries, only 5% of mothers picked up infants in the first crying episode while 31.2% used interactions (Grossmann,Spangler,Suess,&Unzner, 1985). The other 22.7% of mothers diverted infants, but were deemed ineffective. Hence, physical contact was most effective, with 34 of 49 mothers using it once and with immediate ceasing of crying once they are carried. Moreover, soothing crying infants are encouraged as infants go through phases such as protest, despair and detachment. Therefore, trust and warmth is lost in the parent when infants stop crying not because of distress elimination, but, due to loss of hope for comfort. This forms mistrust in infants, which reduces confidence and warmth. Moreover, as duration and frequency of the infant 's crying episodes were closely related to maternal responsiveness, infants whose mothers attended to their cry, cried lesser and shorter and lesser interventions were used to soothe the infant
Ap Psychology Mary Ainsworth
610 Words | 3 PagesThe secure babies used their mothers as a base to explore and as a protective safe haven. They were upset when the caregivers left but when they returned, they brought safety to the baby. Babies who had an avoidant attachment, didn’t want their caregiver upon return to the room. The caregivers for these babies may have been unresponsive to their signals of distress. Some babies were also classified as having resistant attachments, and tried kicking or arching their backs when comforted by the caregiver.
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785 Words | 4 PagesA human baby is born with poorly developed sight and is unable to move. As a consequence to this he is vulnerable and is completely dependent on a carer for survival (Winston, 2003). To improve the chances of survival, the baby is born with pre-programmed and automatic behaviour which are prompted by environmental factors (Bergen, 2008). Bowlby theorised that when a young child feels distressed, frightened or confused, attachment behaviour is triggered and this serves to bring the child closer to their mother* who provides the desired comfort, care and protection (Bowlby,
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1354 Words | 6 PagesIn addition, some infants are classified as disorganized/disoriented with regard to attachment as they are not able to settle in to a single, organized attachment pattern when in distress. Instead, they become disoriented or resort to conflicting behavioral strategies. Attachments are not characteristic of either the caregivers or infants. It is the relationship bonds overtime between emotion and behaviors as infant and caregiver interact, particularly when infant needs for comfort are of concern. Sense of trust develops when a baby’s needs are responded to.
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