Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory

Many would believe children learn and develop best when the ‘key worker’ system is implemented within a provision and when practitioners sustain a positive relationship and work in partnership with parents and carers. This is of importance as a positive relationship where the parents and carers can trust and respect one another, helps to provide an enabling environment for the children. Working in partnership benefits practitioners just as equally as it benefits parents. Parents and carers are the most important people and role models within children lives, however majority of parents have no choice but to work and that’s where our role of early years’ practitioners falls into place. Is it important to remember that parents and practitioners

What is Attachment? 2 Attachment is a connection between a caregiver and a child, a unique bond with two special people that can comfort one another a healthy lifestyle to help maintain and build a strong relationship between an infant and a caregiver. Attachment is characterized by specific behaviors in children, such as seeking proximity with the attachment figure when upset or threatened (Bowlby, 1969). This protects a child from experiencing separation anxiety and depression. Now thinking for a minute, about the importance for parents to have an emotional bond with their children, why and how can they give them the support they need,

Attachment in early life is a fundamental aspect of child development and the establishment of intimate and reciprocal relationships with caregivers. Shaffer & Kipp (2007) define attachment as ‘a close emotional relationship between two persons, characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity’. Contrary to the original view of infant attachment as a ‘secondary drive’ of the dependency on caregivers for physiological needs, such as hunger; Bowlby (1969, 1973) proposed that all infants are born with an innate bias to form an attachment to a primary attachment figure to whom they can seek comfort, or a ‘secure base’ during stressful circumstances. It is proposed by Ainsworth (1967) that parental sensitivity is crucial to shaping the security and development of the initial infant-parent attachment relationship, however the phenomenon of attachment requires both infants and caregivers to contribute in the formation of the attachment bond. Ultimately, the quality of attachment in early life shapes both the social and emotional

In relation to the title, children with additional needs may benefit from Early Support; EYPs can help the parents/carers to decide the best route for their child and plan the best support for the child. This leads the parents/carers to not only work in partnership with the EYPs but also with other professionals in order to give their child the best support for them to develop. According to ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ [2017], “Providing early help is more effective in promoting the welfare of children than reacting later. Early help means providing support as soon as a problem emerges, at any point in a child’s life, from the foundation years through to the teenage years.” Through working in partnership the EYPs can give the child the best support they need in order to thrive in their learning and

The development of trust that an infant engages in sets the positive or negative expectation they have on the world (Karkouti, 2014). If the parents of the child meet the child’s essential needs, the child develops trust. Hence, if those needs aren 't met, the child develops mistrust. The basic strength of this stage is hope. The feeling of confidence coincides with the belief of desires will be satisfied.

I believe this statement is bringing attention to the essential role a child 's primary caregiver plays in the child 's individual development. A child 's first social interaction is most often with their primary caregiver. This relationship established between the child and the primary caregiver is one of the child 's very first child-adult relationships. This relationship provides the child with a safe and secure context for learning and development. In order for this relationship to be positive and effective, the adult must incorporate warmth, acceptance, genuineness, empathy, and respect when interacting with the child.

It is important for practitioners to work closely with the child, their parents and other professionals in order to understand clearly both the child’s and the family’s needs and to build on their strengths and work through any problems effectively. Continuity of care is one of the most important aspects of a child’s life and it is this continuity which will ultimately make the child feel safe, secure and valued. It is extremely important that practitioners communicate effectively with everyone involved in the care of the child. A shared understanding of the requirements and strengths of both the child and their family is paramount and it is crucial to the child’s well-being and learning. This is particularly important for children with special

One of the most important factors that affect a child 's development is the relationship and attachment of the child with their primary caregiver. John Bowlby studied the development of the child; he was interested in how childhood relationships affected kids as they grew older and became adults. He was also concerned with the relationship of the child and primary caregiver and how they interacted, and the effect this had on later life. Bowlby 's theory established that children’s earliest relationships shaped their later development and characterized their human life, "from the cradle to the grave"(Bowlby, 1998). The attachment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their overall person.

This bond will have a lasting impact on the child's development. Studies have shown that physical anomalies have an inverse relationship with the quality of care and attention the child receives. A baby born without a defect or deformity will receive better care and more nurturing than a baby born with a defect or deformity. "When parents have consistent anxiety about their child's appearance, more energy gets spent on efforts to decrease difference and avoid social situations that might lead to difficult interactions" (Parens, 2006). The parents' sole purpose should be providing the best care for their newborn.

First stage of development starts from birth to 12-18 months; Freud’s first stage, oral stage and Erikson’s first crises trust vs. Mistrust. Both focuses on how parental care its essential because it gives them the sense to trust. The next stage that show similar traits are the anal stage and autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (12-18 months to 3years) both stages gives a sense of self-resilience and independence to develop a sense of decision