Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory

Many would believe children learn and develop best when the ‘key worker’ system is implemented within a provision and when practitioners sustain a positive relationship and work in partnership with parents and carers. This is of importance as a positive relationship where the parents and carers can trust and respect one another, helps to provide an enabling environment for the children. Working in partnership benefits practitioners just as equally as it benefits parents. Parents and carers are the most important people and role models within children lives, however majority of parents have no choice but to work and that’s where our role of early years’ practitioners falls into place. Is it important to remember that parents and practitioners

What is Attachment? 2 Attachment is a connection between a caregiver and a child, a unique bond with two special people that can comfort one another a healthy lifestyle to help maintain and build a strong relationship between an infant and a caregiver. Attachment is characterized by specific behaviors in children, such as seeking proximity with the attachment figure when upset or threatened (Bowlby, 1969). This protects a child from experiencing separation anxiety and depression.

Attachment in early life is a fundamental aspect of child development and the establishment of intimate and reciprocal relationships with caregivers. Shaffer & Kipp (2007) define attachment as ‘a close emotional relationship between two persons, characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity’. Contrary to the original view of infant attachment as a ‘secondary drive’ of the dependency on caregivers for physiological needs, such as hunger; Bowlby (1969, 1973) proposed that all infants are born with an innate bias to form an attachment to a primary attachment figure to whom they can seek comfort, or a ‘secure base’ during stressful circumstances. It is proposed by Ainsworth (1967) that parental sensitivity is crucial to shaping the security and development of the initial infant-parent attachment relationship, however the phenomenon of attachment requires both infants and caregivers to contribute in the formation of the attachment bond. Ultimately, the quality of attachment in early life shapes both the social and emotional

In relation to the title, children with additional needs may benefit from Early Support; EYPs can help the parents/carers to decide the best route for their child and plan the best support for the child. This leads the parents/carers to not only work in partnership with the EYPs but also with other professionals in order to give their child the best support for them to develop. According to ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ [2017], “Providing early help is more effective in promoting the welfare of children than reacting later. Early help means providing support as soon as a problem emerges, at any point in a child’s life, from the foundation years through to the teenage years.” Through working in partnership the EYPs can give the child the best support they need in order to thrive in their learning and

If the parents of the child meet the child’s essential needs, the child develops trust. Hence, if those needs aren 't met, the child develops mistrust. The basic strength of this stage is hope. The feeling of confidence coincides with the belief of desires will be satisfied.

I believe this statement is bringing attention to the essential role a child 's primary caregiver plays in the child 's individual development. A child 's first social interaction is most often with their primary caregiver. This relationship established between the child and the primary caregiver is one of the child 's very first child-adult relationships. This relationship provides the child with a safe and secure context for learning and development. In order for this relationship to be positive and effective, the adult must incorporate warmth, acceptance, genuineness, empathy, and respect when interacting with the child.

It is important for practitioners to work closely with the child, their parents and other professionals in order to understand clearly both the child’s and the family’s needs and to build on their strengths and work through any problems effectively. Continuity of care is one of the most important aspects of a child’s life and it is this continuity which will ultimately make the child feel safe, secure and valued. It is extremely important that practitioners communicate effectively with everyone involved in the care of the child. A shared understanding of the requirements and strengths of both the child and their family is paramount and it is crucial to the child’s well-being and learning. This is particularly important for children with special

One of the most important factors that affect a child 's development is the relationship and attachment of the child with their primary caregiver. John Bowlby studied the development of the child; he was interested in how childhood relationships affected kids as they grew older and became adults. He was also concerned with the relationship of the child and primary caregiver and how they interacted, and the effect this had on later life. Bowlby 's theory established that children’s earliest relationships shaped their later development and characterized their human life, "from the cradle to the grave"(Bowlby, 1998). The attachment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their overall person.

This bond will have a lasting impact on the child's development. Studies have shown that physical anomalies have an inverse relationship with the quality of care and attention the child receives. A baby born without a defect or deformity will receive better care and more nurturing than a baby born with a defect or deformity. "When parents have consistent anxiety about their child's appearance, more energy gets spent on efforts to decrease difference and avoid social situations that might lead to difficult interactions" (Parens, 2006). The parents' sole purpose should be providing the best care for their newborn.

First stage of development starts from birth to 12-18 months; Freud’s first stage, oral stage and Erikson’s first crises trust vs. Mistrust. Both focuses on how parental care its essential because it gives them the sense to trust. The next stage that show similar traits are the anal stage and autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (12-18 months to 3years) both stages gives a sense of self-resilience and independence to develop a sense of decision

The childminder need to develop reliable warm, affectionate relationship with children particularly babies, but they should not look for replace the parents. Babies require being with same people to develop social relationship. This is why EYFS require early yearâ€TMs settings and schools to implement a key person system. Parents and the childminder have something in common, they all want best for the children. The roles engaged are not the same but they are complementary.

Also the practitioner would need to work in partnership with the parents at all times because the parents are the most important people in the child’s life and the parents of the children know their child better than you do. Also in a setting I attended before the practitioner and the mother of a chid liaised in order to put a sticker chart with rewards to help improve the child’s behaviour. The idea of the sticker chart came from B.F. Skinners theory which was positive and negative reinforcement: if children were rewarded for good behaviour then the behaviour is likely to continue. (Bruce T, Meggitt C, 2007). Communication would also be essential while planning for the children because if the child is involved with any other professional then the educational and milestone developments must be communicated between multi-agencies to ensure that everyone is aware of the stage the child is at in his/her learning.

Supporting a child’s healthy social and emotional growth takes commitment from all primary caregivers involved in the child’s life: mothers, fathers, grandparents, child care providers and other key adults. Young children observe caregivers’ relationships, and this shapes their expectations for how people treat each other. Young children attain social emotional competence when adults have positive interactions with infants and toddlers in their care. Repeated interactions lead to predictable relationships, because the infant or young child begins to know how the caregiver will respond to him or her. This pattern of responses creates the emotional connection the child has to the caregiver.

When attachment is formed with a loving caregiver or parent who is able to provide support, love, and guidance along with the basic human needs, attachment can be reinforced and healthy (VBH). Educating children and parents-to-be of consequences of ineffective parenting might reduce the incidence of RAD in children (Lehman & Jegtvig, 2004). Children with RAD are not completely lost with their ability to form attachments, those who have been diagnosed and seek treatment early with hopeful learn to be able to recognize and manage their behaviors and feeling as well as creating healthy relationship in their future. It is important to first get the child in a safe house with caregivers who genuinely care about them and are willing to work on developing positive interactions with the child. By using treatment methods like dyadic developmental therapy, integrative play therapy, and parent skills training are all credible techniques to help build trust and attachment.

Thus, it would be worthwhile that “eulogy virtues” are taught at a young age so that one can grow up possessing those virtues to help them through life. 2. I have found ways in order to help develop my “inner character.” The first thing I did was love myself despite my weaknesses that I possess. It allows me to be more confident and optimistic