Introduction
Individual and family characteristics are influenced by major life events that occur at certain points in life. Erikson as well as Goldenberg and Goldenberg have developed theories which analysis the stages which individuals and family structures go through. This essay will explain and apply Erikson’s theory to my individual life summary. Following that the essay will explain and apply Goldenberg and Goldenberg’s theory to my family’s life. The Head-Heart-Feet model will also elaborate on one aspect of my life. This essay will show understand through application.
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Erikson (1968) believed that personality develops through confronting a serious of psychosocial stages, which each involves a different
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My good behaviour also minimized resentment from teachers. Hence, they often encouraged me to do my best. The encouraged lead to me constantly trying to better my performance and even having developing healthy competition with fellow peers.
Identity versus role confusing:
According to Erikson, an adolescent (aged 12-19), will ask questions such as “Who am I?” and “What do I believe in?” (Holt et al., 2012). Erikson believed that in this stage adolescents go through an ‘identity crisis’ (Holt et al., 2012). Erikson stated that this ‘identity crises’ can be resolved positively, leading to a stable sense of identity (Holt et al., 2012). Or it can end negatively, leading to confusion about one’s identity and values (Holt et al., 2012).
Being overweight and shy made the start of adolescence a tough one. I had a really good life but felt that I didn’t know who I was and didn’t feel good about the person I was. I thought I had an identity but I was yet to find myself, I was just being the person I was told to be. However, when I started puberty I began to lose weight, and at the same time started becoming more social in my church. This encouraged me to push myself and get out of my comfort zone, to such an extent that I became a whole different person and believed to have found my
While Erikson incorporated many of Freud’s theory, Erikson was interested in how social contact and associations played a role in the development and growth of human beings. A second theory that applies is Micro, Mezzo and Macro levels of conceptualization. Each member of the family can be helped by seeing to their spirituality, impulse control, work/school, ethnic identity, health, and emotional development. Life Span Perspectives Age/Developmental stage.
They also compare their competency against their peers as far as feeling like there above them. Some children that are not able to do well in certain areas will feel secondary to others. Identity versus identity confusion is where children progress on moving towards becoming adolescents. They frequently have higher desires on themselves. During this phase, they locate their personality and their identity as people.
The development perspectives he uses are Erikson’s personality theory. Throughout his professional career, he noticed how the adolescent years are expanding from 12 years old to 30 years old. In addition to counseling young adults who are still preforming adolescent behaviors, Hoober finds himself looking back at Erikson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion stage. This is where an individual between the ages 12 and 20 are moving towards adulthood and making choices, goals, and vocations that will influence their adulthood (p.
These stages are composed of conflicts a person goes through as they develop throughout the lifespan. First is Basic trust vs. Mis-trust, the second is Autonomy vs. Shame, the third is Initiative vs. Shame, the fourth is Industry vs. Inferiority and the last stage this paper will discuss is Identity vs. Role confusion. He put a crucial emphasis on adolescents because at their stage in development they are figuring out who they are; Identity vs. Identity confusion. Adolescents go through a period of psychosocial crisis, this is a developmental period when a person has to resolve a conflict in his or her own life. The common question they face is “who am I?”.
After an examination of Erik Erikson and Daniel Levinson’s theories at first sight not much is alike, since the stages both differ, but digging deeper in Erikson's and Levinson’s theories have similar ideas in social development; after all, these two studies differ in the outcome. Erik erikson's theories have a greater underlining on child-adolescent development, he believes that early development of a child is the foundation and is the greatest impact on a person's identity and personality later on in life. Erikson presents the stages from childhood to adulthood, but in his theory the only significant development is during childhood, which is the problem, since an individual goes through life experiences throughout life they may have a great impact as an adult too. On the other hand Daniel Levinson’s theory signifies changes throughout all of life's experiences, from childhood to adulthood and continuing. Levinson’s theory believes that we adapt ad we let go of certain things as we move on in life and move from one stage to another.
Today, within the framework of psychoanalysis social identity problem dealt with in detail Erikson, interest in particular issues of the evolution of self-consciousness of man and the stages associated with the development of his identity. It has identified eight stages in the formation of a mature identity. The first four stages occur in infancy and childhood, the fifth stage of puberty, and the last three in adulthood, old age inclusive. In his works Erikson puts special emphasis on puberty, because then a transition from childhood to adulthood. What is happening at this stage is very important for the personality of an adult.
Theories, Key Concepts, Principles, and Assumptions Two theories that will be discussed in this paper is Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and John Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. Erikson’s theory is considered psychosocial, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors within a lifespan, from infancy to later adulthood. Erikson’s theory is broken down into eight consecutive age-defined stages. During each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that contributes to their personality development.
His childhood, education experiences, and careers influenced his contributions to lifespan development. As a “neo-Freudian”, Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages of development that greatly correspond with Freud’s Psychosexual Stages (Broderick
The adolescence stage of development is a critical transition period in a child’s life because this is the stage at which the child struggles to discover their identity, as they evolve into adults. Throughout this transition, the child experiences different physical, cognitive, and social changes that cause the child to feel the need to reconsider their identity. Psychologist Eric Erikson theorizes that, “adolescents experiment with different roles while trying to integrate identities from previous stages”. This theory created by Erikson is the fifth ego crisis referred to as “identity vs. role confusion”. Identity vs. role confusion demonstrations the adolescent’s conflict between social role expectations, the need to fit in, and the ability
The life span of an individual goes through developmental stages in life, from conception to death. The majority of the stages we pass are biological, socio-economical and psychological birth rights. This essay will focus on the two stages, drawn from the eight stages of Erikson Theory, namely: Trust vs Mistrust and Generativity vs Stagnation. The essay will further discuss authoritative parenting and attachment styles. The eight stages which a healthy person should undergo from infancy to late adulthood, are built on the success of mastering the previous stage.
Identity development during adolescence Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood and also a period of prominent change for teenagers when physical changes are happening at an accelerated rate. Adolescence is not just marked by physical changes but also cognitive, social, emotional and interpersonal changes as well. The development of a strong and stable sense of self known as identity development is widely considered to be one of the crucial tasks of adolescence. Identity development of an adolescent is influenced by external factors, such as their environment, culture, religion, school and the media.
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Many researchers have tried to revise after Freud 's psychoanalysis, to show the value associated with the process and I have to follow their development (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004). The most prominent of the so-called ego psychology was Erik Erikson. As with other postfreydistov for Erickson the greatest importance was the self and its adaptive capacity in connection with the problem of the individual. However, this does not mean that he neglected his theory of biological or social factors (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004).
Erik Erikson developed model for the interpretations of reflections due to experiences during eight stages in life of an individual. He constructed model based on psychosocial developmental processes, which can be viewed as; Table: Eight psychosocial crisis of Erik Erikson’s Model (Erikson, 1950) No. Psychosocial Crisis Stage Issues Virtues Distortions 1. “Trust Vs. Mistrust” Infant Feeding, sleep, comfort Hope Sensory
this research provides substantial evidence that smoking among friends predicts adolescent future smoking, but modest evidence that general prevalence, for example, within a particular grade or school, predicts future smoking, with the exception though, of cases where a higher general prevalence of smoking among senior students is related to an increase in smoking among lower-grade students (leatherdale, cameron, brown, jolin kroeker, 2006). however, while this literature bettered our understanding of peer influence on adolescent smoking, it does not address how peer group influences actually work. friends appear to provide the greatest peer influence on adolescent smoking; peer groups (close friends) provide independent influence, but their influence may also interact with that of the best friend. peer and parental influences on longitudinal trajectories of smoking among african americans and puerto ricans..,
Due to challenges as well as issues confronted by adolescents they may have identity confusion which is comprised of identity foreclosure, negative identity and diffusion. Identity foreclosure alludes to the identity crisis being resolved by making a series of premature decisions about one’s identity, based on other’s expectations of what and who one should be. Negative identity alludes to adolescents who form an identity contrary to the cultural values and expectations and diffusion refers to a kind of apathy in which the youth lacks any kind of passion or commitment (Louw&Louw, 2007). However, this challenge could be overcome by positive role identity or identity achievement which is “the sense of really knowing who one is and in general, where one is headed in life” (Fleming, 2004: 9).Erikson’s theory states that, throughout life, individuals go through various stages during which one will meet ever changing psychosocial challenges.