Erikson's Theory Of Identity Essay

It is one of Freud’s most remarkable contribution and is the essential to interpret his perspective of the behaviour and the issues of personality. The unconscious is made up of those impulses, ideas, beliefs, rationale, and events that are kept out of our realization as a defence against anxiety. Freud believed that majority human conduct is influenced by external forces. The things we do in everyday life is usually formed by these unconscious purpose and needs.

Personality is a broad and multidimensional concept therefore it is differentlydefined by various psychologists. Some psychologists use this term to describe individual differences regarding emotional, social and intellectual functioning. While some other just focus on social and emotive characteristics of individuals (Malim, Birch, Hayward, &Wadeley, 1998). Pervin, Cervone, and John (2005) define personality as characteristics that refer to consistent patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving. The definition broadly addresses different aspects of person and explains regularities in feelings, thoughts and behavioral patterns.

J. Eysenck, who felt that in order to enhance our understanding of problem solving behavior, there is a need to assume acientific research methods and entirely reassess psychoanalytic theory. Eysenck put much effort in classifying human behavior rather than attempting to understand the individual. He attempted to classify human behavior using the concepts of trait and type (p.371). Eysenck 1967 (cited in Singh, 2005, p.126) “identifies the major component of personality features. For instance, people who are considered as an extrovert according to Eysenck’s extroverted type are believed to have charecteristics such as sociability, liveliness, and excitability,” according to Boeree (2006), Eysenck’s hypothesis points to the fact that extroversion/ introversion is the matter of inhibition and excitation in the brain itself.

Beck (2012), explain what separates psychodynamic theory from other theories and is unique and exclusive, is the concept of unconscious. Psychodynamic theories emphasize the importance of our unconscious mental life. In psychodynamic theory, emotions are data about the inner mental life, and it is in that perspective as the informants from the unconscious that emotions must be understood. Psychodynamics is a collective term for all the models and descriptions of the psyche that are primarily preoccupied with unconscious processes. Psychodynamic theory includes theoretical sub-disciplines about personality, development, groups, including social psychology, leadership, role, organization, and about phenomena such as resistance and relations.

George Herbert Mead Borrowed from Cooley’s idea and developed it. Like Freud mead noted that a subjective and impulsive aspect of the self is present from birth. Mead called it the, I. a storehouse of culturally approved standards emerges as part of the self during social interaction. To mead, the objective social component of the self was referred to as, me. However, unlike Freud who focused on denial of impulse as the mechanism that generates the self’s objective side, mead centered on the unique human capacity to take the role of the other” as the source of me.

He believed that archetypes are contained in the collective unconscious, which he understands as a type of knowledge all the people from a given group are born with, they are intrinsic to them. Despite not being aware the collective unconscious it dictates how people act in certain situations, mainly those related to emotions. For Jung the personal unconscious stores what could be conscious at any moment but is

They are a strategic effort by the ego to deal with socially unacceptable impulses of the id. According to S. Freud’s definition, reaction formation is when an individual feels an unacceptable impulse, however only express the opposite. In the article the authors describe reaction formation exactly as Freud did.

In Freud’s mind, he believed that a sexual pleasure was met at each stage. Furthermore, Freud’s views on personality were popular, but several theorists had slightly different views. Instead of sex being the heart of human existence, Karen Horney believed that security was the motive for human existence. Next was Carl Jung, he went off of Freud’s viewpoint of unconsciousness, but he believed that Freud did not proceed deep enough to find all the facts. The last theorist that was mentioned was Alfred Adler.

John Locke writes that memories actually make us a person even when our bodies change over time, and that certain events have an impact on us. It all makes sense until we come down to Thomas Reid’s opposition, which uses the principle of “transitivity” in relation to identity to show us how Locke’s idea violates that law, through a thought experiment. At the end comes Irvin Copi who has made two very important statements. Through the statements it is assumed that everything changes from one thing to another all the time, which again contradicts Locke’s idea of

The two personality types In trying to understand what makes a person behave, think, and react in a certain manner, psychologists teased out the science of a personality type. From their extensive research, they found various personality types in people. However, the two most essential personality types visibly in manifestation in human beings are extroverted and introverted personality types (Pappas, 2013). These personality types are the foundation of humans’ interactions with the physical and abstract environment.

His book arises many questions about groups, such as how do groups influence people’s behaviors? Or how much is one willing to do to fit into one’s group? In Freud book “Group Psychology & the Analysis of the Ego”, he talks a lot about Group Psychology and conformity. Conformity refers