Error Analysis In Learning A Foreign Language

Error Analysis
One of the most inhibition factors from the students in learning a foreign language especially in written and oral performance are making mistakes and errors. The making of errors is shows that the students have not mastered the rules of the language being learned. Students may commit grammatical mistakes and error when they miscomprehend what is taught and explained by the teacher. To cope with this problem, one of the technique widely used by the researcher is error analysis.
Error Analysis (EA) as a technique for identifying, classifying, and systematically interpreting the unacceptable forms of a language in the production data of someone learning a second or foreign language (Richard & Smith, 2002). It can be said that

Because of that, it is important to distinguish between error and mistake in studying error analysis because most of people still misunderstand about error and mistake itself. Error and mistake are two different words that are actually synonym of each other. They mean the same thing, but are used in different context.
According to Brown (2007, 259) in order to analyze a learner language, a mistake refers to a performance error that is either a random guess or a slip, in that it is a failure to utilize a known system correctly. Similarly with Gass (2008:209) stated that mistakes are have similar to slips the tongue and the learner who makes a mistake is able to recognize it as a mistake and correct it if necessary. It can be said that a mistake sometimes imply that the learners who made a mistake have knowledge, even though did it inaccurately and they may be able to identify their own mistakes. In here means the learners know the rules but fails to used it. Whereas, Error is systematic that is likely occur repeatedly and is not recognized by the learner as an error (Gass, 2008:

Students may make mistake and error in the target language since they do not know the target language itself. Because of that the students overgeneralized information from target language in every structure of language that find.
Richard (1973:174) classified the intralingual transfer error including overgeneralization, ignorance of rule restrictions, incomplete application of the rules and false concept hypothesized.
Overgeneralization: it happens when learner create a deviant structure on the basic of his experiences of other structure in target language. For instance, the use of “mans” instead of “men” is an example of an overgeneralization error when learner create their own rules for the plural noun form.
Ignore of rule restrictions: the learner make errors because they are fail to observe the restriction of existing structure. In other word, the learner fails to apply rules where if should not be applied.
Incomplete application: this error may occur when learners fails to apply the rules completely due to the stimulus sentences.
False concept hypothesized: this error occur when the learner does not fully comprehend a distinction or incorrect ideas about language rules in target language. In this case, the learner difficult to distinguish two or more