Abstract—
Error pattern analysis of a language is helpful in language related technology, such as creation of Spell Checker and Corrector, Optical Character Recognition, Machine Translation, Natural Language Interfaces etc.It includes analysis of various types of errors (insertion, deletion, transposition, substitution, run-on, split word error) positional analysis, word length effects, phonetic errors, first position error analysis, keyboard effects etc. This paper focuses on the contribution of Single/Multi-Error misspellings in Punjabi Typed Text. It also discusses previous analysis results about spelling error patterns found in other languages and offers new insights on them. This paper is based on the analysis done on 20000 misspelled words generated
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First Position Errors
The percentage of first position errors in Punjabi language is considerable. It is observed that in single error misspellings 13.10% and 13.0% in multi error misspellings are found to be first position errors.
V. Spanish error Pattern (16 )
In Spanish Language, Ramirez Bustamante and F., E. López Díaz[16] found that vast majority of errors found in the corpus are single error misspellings (over 89%).Multi-error misspellings are less than 9%. There is an insignificant remaining percentage of noise related to spaces in multiple locations, extreme multi-error words and indecipherable strings of characters. The corpus used contains 8 million words of edited and unedited texts.
VI. Positional Analysis on Single/Multi-error Misspellings in Punjabi Language
The positional analysis plays an important and significant factor in the error pattern study. This can lead us to error zone of high probability. It has been found out that patterns for the positional mistakes are almost similar in both single/multi-error misspellings. The maximum of the mistakes occur at the third position and the error zone decreases after 3rd position. Figure 2 Position wise distribution of Single/Multi-error
We Owe Our Diplomas to Google Have our brains become robots due to Google? From my own experience, when I need an answer to anything Google is my first place to go. In his article, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” Nicholas Carr discusses, I agree with the points in his article. The ways people read and write today are affected by the Internet, as well as, the way people think, learn and absorb information.
In this scenario, when Johnny first asks Ken, “does your friend have to stay here all the time?” , he is coming off rather strong and it is catching Ken off guard since Johnny is not being fully clear about his question to Ken, therefore, Ken is more likely to respond negatively and defensively. After Ken responds, Johnny gives a vague response and does not provide and reasons why he changed his mind. Johnny’s reply is also a high level abstract language response and it makes it hard for Ken to understand how Johnny is feeling and what he is going through.
Letters from students, businessmen, executives, secretaries and even teachers all have misspellings. Furthermore, people are too lazy to look up a word they do not know how to spell. It is a simple step to take, but people are not completing it. That’s the saddest part about the Americans’ disability to spell. Misspelling words show a lack of discipline and a willingness not to care.
Careless mistakes can ruin otherwise well-written, effective writings. Shipley and Schwalbe state, “If careful word choice is the ultimate goal, then accidental word choice is the ultimate pitfall” (353). Even if the wording throughout the work is impeccable, if there are spelling and grammatical errors, the paper will be significantly hindered. When an error occurs it can change the whole meaning of a word or thought. Rather, then letting a paper be harmed from careless mistakes, the author needs to take the time to sit down and edit their work.
Another simple but easy error I need to watch out for is replacing letters with similar sounds, for example “s”; for “c”. I find myself doing this in the
Going into this class, I thought it was just going to another English, but now thinking back I did learn something new. I would like to believe that I was pretty attentive. I did not miss any task, but I did turn in seven task in late; task number two, six, seven, nine, ten, eleven, and fourteen. I did open all of the readings and I would either skim it or I would read it; several times even. My favorite reading was by Bill Ivey and Steven J. Tepper the “Cultural Renaissance or Cultural Divide?”.
These words are all words in a passage and do not include titles, subtitles, and captions. Self-corrections, repetitions, an accurate attempt, a successful appeal, and words that are articulated differently in the student’s native language are not calculated. Substitutions, omissions, inaccurate attempts, an unsuccessful appeal, a disclosed word, and insertions are calculated as a single error. Additionally, a skipped page and each word in a skipped line should be counted as an error. Also, proper nouns that read incorrectly only count as an error once.
AP Language and Composition in my ears sounds terrifying knowing that English is not a strong subject of mine. I have never been one to enjoy reading, but I always thought I was a satisfactory writer because I was receiving A’s and positive feedback. This made it a no brainer to take Honors English 10. It went well for a while, but then I was hit with my first D, and I did not understand why. I was angry and upset.
For example, in paragraph two, the student was referring to “unique intonation” but spelled the phrase “unique intonasion”. There is also another instance of a spelling issue in the second complete paragraph on page three. The student spelled
Humans are pretty good at using context to decipher typos, (…) But computers are terrible at doing this (…)” (p. 5, l. 121) In the argument above Simmons explains why he believes that spelling is still an important thing in today’s
When someone is writing a report in the field of law enforcement is essential that the information inside the report is accurate. How can someone be trusted to have accurate information inside of their report if they have misspellings? In law enforcement there are some words that can definitely be tricky to spell, however, if someone is unsure about how to spell a word they need to do the professional thing and look up the correct way of spelling the word. Today there are many different misspelling inside of law enforcement reports that need to be corrected in order to have a credible image as an author.
I have pondered and decided that I do these types of errors because I don’t look deep enough at my writing to find these errors. A second reason for my errors is that I type to fast
Learning a second language at a younger age is beneficial Most little kids first day of school is when they are approximately five years old, and about to enter kindergarten. Kids go to school from about age five till graduation from high school at about age eighteen. Most schools focus on the basic core subjects, such as math, reading, science and history. Until junior high or high school, foreign language is not even offered.
“You can’t see other people’s point of view when you have only one language,” declared psycholinguist, Frank Smith. Just as it is mentioned in this quote, foreign language is important; therefore, people should learn a foreign language at an early age. When learning a foreign language at an early age, it helps people to concentrate and increase comprehension skills. Also, at a young age, the mind is fresh, so the person can take in more information and can easily master a foreign language. In addition, most secondary schools, universities, and jobs require a foreign language to be known.
Students must give their correct information such as previous academic and professional achievements. The documents provided must be precise otherwise the student can be rejected from being admitted to the University. Of course, misspellings unintentional mistakes do not matter in this