Coney Island

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This study allows us to reveal the difference, similarities and relationship between Coney Island Beach and Changi Beach, how the species observed and abundance are affected by their environment. Among the various type of marine organisms that were surveyed at Coney Island, the highest abundance of slow sessile organism by phylum observed are Annelida (2248) (Fig. 2), and the highest percentage of non-sessile organism by phylum, is the Tracheophyta (49.42 ± 36.49 %) (Table 2.). Coney Island is located at the north east of Singapore (Fig. 1). Coney Island’s Beach overlooks an industrial estate and a port belonging to Malaysia, Johor. With the port an industrial estate located nearby, it causes high human activity which could lead to water …show more content…

Many of the seagrass observed during surveys, seems to be dying. Changi Beach is located at the east of Singapore (Fig. 1). Located nearby Changi Beach are ferry terminals, aquaculture farms and a military training ground (Pulau Tekong). Hence it is prone to high human activity which can cause an increase in turbidity and pollution of the water. This could be the reason why the seagrass is dying at Changi Beach as the increase in turbidity would block sunlight from reaching the seagrass, preventing or lowering the rate of photosynthesis (Sankar et al. 2012). As the seagrass habitat is crucial for crustacean’s survival, the dying of seagrass could be a reason on why there is a significant difference in the Arthropoda abundance of Coney Island and Changi Beach. Another reason for the significant difference in the Arthropoda between the sites could be due to the environment, the high turbidity of water could have make locating of the Arthropods harder. The water conditions could also be different from the sites making one place more habitable than the other in this case, Coney Island could be more habitable than Changi …show more content…

The high turbid water could have prevented the cyanobacteria from gaining enough energy to reproduce quickly into a colony than at Coney Island. Cnidarians are also low in abundance (Fig. 2) probably due to the same reason, turbidity, they are recorded at the middle zone (Fig. 4b) all of which are the same species (Fig. 5b), Stichodactyla haddoni at Changi Beach.

From table 1., between Coney Island and Changi Beach, Changi Beach has a greater diversity than Coney Island this is because the higher the Simpson’s Diversity Index, the more diverse the site is. The reason for the difference in Simpson’s Diversity Index could due to the abundance (Fig 2, 4a & 4b) and species richness (Fig 3, 5a & 5b). The main factors that contributed was due to the high abundance of annelids observed in Coney Island and the number of species found in both sites by zones (Fig 5a & 5b) differs by 9 species.

The Multi-Dimensional Scaling for the relationship

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