Aortic Arches In Vertebrate Analysis
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF AORTIC ARCHES IN VERTEBRATES
DEFINITION: Aortic arches are also called as pharyngeal arteries. They are vascular structures that emerge from the ventricle of the heart. There are 6 pairs of these arches in embryonic stages which give rise to several major arteries later. They arise from the aortic sac and are present on the ventral and dorsal aorta.
As discussed earlier that there are 6 pairs of aortic arches present in embryonic stages giving rise to several arteries are as follows:
Arch 1st and 2nd: The first and second arches lost or degenerate soon, but the ruminant of first arch gives rise to maxillary artery while the second arch forms stapedial artery.
Arch 3rd: The third arch is also
…show more content…
Branchiostoma (amphioxus) has about 60 pairs of aortic arches, but Petromyzon has only 7 pairs while Myxine has 6 pairs of aortic arches. Cyclostomes which are a primitive vertebrate include 6-15 arches on their ventral and dorsal carotid arteries. They primarily have 6 pairs of arches. During later development the first arch either lost or degenerate.
AORTIC ARCHES IN FISH: In fish the numbers of aortic arches are varying in different categories of fish. Class Pisces is divided into many categories such as jawed fish, bony fish, and lung fish. The changes from elasmobranchs to lung fish i-e the evolution of the pulmonary circulation also change the circulatory system.
Elasmobranchs: Elasmobranchs a primitive fish and Heptanchus contain 7 pairs of aortic arches. But Selachins has 6 pairs of aortic arches. In Scoliodon (sharks) only 5 pairs of aortic arches are present because the first pair is degenerated or develops into non functional gills. The progressive reduction of aortic arches in different species was observed.
Bony fish and Chondrichthyes: The bony fish have single systemic circuit. Bony fishes are also called as telosts. Chondrichthyes have only five pairs of aortic arches because the first pair is lost. While in bony fishes the first and second pairs of arches are lost or
Head And Neck Case Study
952 Words | 4 PagesThe stylomastoid artery is a branch of the posterior auricular artery. 2. How do you explain the disappearance of wrinkles of the
Northern Pintail: Skeletal System
1436 Words | 6 PagesThis is the artery that transfers blood to the lungs. The last major artery in the duck, is the Femoral which transfers blood to the legs and thighs which are used as transportation for
Pros And Cons Of Spinal Anesthesia
3377 Words | 14 PagesINTRODUCTION Spinal anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries as it is very economical and easy to administerIntrathecal α2 agonist when used as adjunct potentiates the effect of local anaesthetics and allows a decrease in required doses.. Different drugs have been used as adjuvants to prolong the duration of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia adrenaline being the first drug used and latest being dexmedetomidine. These adjuvants have their own advantages and limitations. Efforts to find a better adjuvant are underway since long.
Kaprosuchus Research Paper
1504 Words | 7 PagesInstead of teeth, Dunkleosteus possessed two pairs of sharp bony plates which formed a beak-like structure. Dunkleosteus, together with most other placoderms, may have also been among the first vertebrates to internalize egg fertilization, as seen in some modern
Physical Attributions: The Great Hammerhead Shark
351 Words | 2 PagesThe Great Hammerhead Shark has many physical attributions that make the species unique to other sharks. Perhaps its most well-known anatomical feature, the flat and t-shaped cephalophoil, aids the Great Hammerhead in catching prey. Ampullae of Lorenzini on the hammer-shaped head sense hidden prey, which especially benefits the hunting of stingrays. The variations within the cephalophoils differentiate hammerheads from each other. In addition, wide-set eyes give The Great Hammerhead shark a greater, more enhanced range of sight.
Evidence Of Evolution: Modern-Day Horse, Dawn Horse
858 Words | 4 PagesAll organisms have vestigial structures that show we have parts of that are currently useless, but back with our ancestors, they required them to survive in their environments. For example, us humans don’t need our wisdom teeth because we don’t have to have the extra set of teeth, however, with our ancestor they needed them for some much different foods that were harder to eat. Some people nowadays are even born without wisdom teeth because we don’t need them for survive anymore. Comparative anatomy is the second to last form of evidence to prove that evolution
Dugongs Research Paper
1101 Words | 5 Pagesit is believed they have good hearing to relieve their poor eyesight. Two nostrils are located at the top of the snout for ventilation when they go to the surface to
Hammerhead Shark Research Paper
637 Words | 3 PagesShark’s fossils come from their teeth “due to the fact that their bones are cartilage.” (Shark Savers “450 MIllion Years of Sharks”). Since sharks have cartilage instead of bones they can zip through the water a lot faster than other fish since cartilage is a very light substance. Although sharks have no bones some other things have been found about sharks because some sharks had very distinguishable features on their bodies the sharks and the features are “Cladoselache sharks had no scales. Cretoxyrhina sharks (also called the “Ginsu shark”) had sharp, enameled teeth.
Paleogeography: Devonian Extinction
1103 Words | 5 PagesThe evolution of advantageous traits in these two taxa would have made it much easier for them to prey on the placoderms. In addition to predation, the new adaptations exhibited by the ray-finned and cartilaginous fishes could have make them more efficient at capturing prey items that the placoderms may have had sole access to in the past (Carr, 1995). Pressure by predators as well as competitive pressure would have made it much harder for the placoderms to deal with other changes in the
Evolution Of Shark Evolution
1074 Words | 5 Pages2. THERE ARE NO CONSISTENT TRENDS IN EVOLUTION: In the evolution of sharks, we clearly see that there are no consistent trends in their evolution from the beginning of their existence, they are a species that are always changing or evolving as mentioned in the previous example. This is why we see the diverse amount of species of the shark family all over through the ages both prehistoric and present. And can clearly see the branching out of the species from is simplest form to various other forms, the branching of the shark family can be seen
Compare And Contrast Octopus And Moon Jellyfish
1241 Words | 5 PagesCephalopods contain chromatophores which are pigment sacs that change color to match their surroundings. They are the only phylum to possess an active image generating neuromuscular system (Hochner, 2004). They are perfect for camouflage against predators since they are soft-bodied and vulnerable to other mammals. There are 5 different sacs of chromatophores including black, brown, orange, yellow, and red (Hochner, 2004). Octopus contain 8 arms covered with suction cups that stick onto other objects.
Endoskeletons
490 Words | 2 PagesThe Anomalocaris is a free swimming animal that swam through the water by flexing its lobed body (Bagley). It has compound eyes and two claw tipped appendages in front of its mouth (Bagley) and it traps its prey in fearsome mouth parts lined with hooks (National Geographic). The diversity of the marine life is due to the melting of the Proterozoic ice, which caused the sea levels to rise (Collins & Waggoner). Another strange looking predator is also present. The Opabinia has five eyes, and it catches prey using a flexible clawed arm attached to its head (National Geographic) which is quite a strange sight.
Comparison Of Cetacea And Modern Whales
343 Words | 2 PagesArchaeocetes are the oldest whales and it shows several differences to the modern whales. Modern whales either lack teeth or have teeth but are all identical in shape and size. Archaeocetes had nostrils like the mammals instead of a blowhole like what modern whales have now.
Science Behind Sharks
631 Words | 3 PagesSharks are like some of the other fish in the sea, but they have a very different anatomy. The shark’s bones are made of cartilage, the bone that your fingernails and ear lobes are made of. Sharks have over 20 rows of 300 teeth used as replacements if some fall out. But if you don’t provoke them they won’t bother you. The top fin of a shark or a dolphin is called the dorsal fin.
Convergent Vs Divergent Evolution
916 Words | 4 PagesSome examples of homologous structures include the arm of a human, the wing of a bat, fin of a whale, and the forelimb of a cat. There are also different types of divergent evolution, such
More about Aortic Arches In Vertebrate Analysis
Head And Neck Case Study
952 Words | 4 PagesNorthern Pintail: Skeletal System
1436 Words | 6 PagesPros And Cons Of Spinal Anesthesia
3377 Words | 14 PagesKaprosuchus Research Paper
1504 Words | 7 PagesPhysical Attributions: The Great Hammerhead Shark
351 Words | 2 PagesEvidence Of Evolution: Modern-Day Horse, Dawn Horse
858 Words | 4 PagesDugongs Research Paper
1101 Words | 5 PagesHammerhead Shark Research Paper
637 Words | 3 PagesPaleogeography: Devonian Extinction
1103 Words | 5 PagesEvolution Of Shark Evolution
1074 Words | 5 PagesCompare And Contrast Octopus And Moon Jellyfish
1241 Words | 5 PagesEndoskeletons
490 Words | 2 PagesComparison Of Cetacea And Modern Whales
343 Words | 2 PagesScience Behind Sharks
631 Words | 3 PagesConvergent Vs Divergent Evolution
916 Words | 4 Pages