Furthermore, bio-materials are also used by ophthalmologists for contact lenses etc. Auto-transplants i.e. transplant of body organs and tissues (skin etc.) to other parts of the body also come under the scope of bio-materials. Bio-materials are further used for artificial tissue regeneration, bone joint replacements,
Abstract In the 1960’s the word biocompatibility was not commonly used. The word toxicity was more frequently used. Biocompatible is defined in Dorland’s’ Illustrated Medical Dictionary as being harmonious with life and not having toxic or injurious effect on biologic function. In broad, a bio material can be defined as any substance, other than a drug, that can be used any period as a part of a system that treats, augments or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the body. Dental materials must meet the requirements in the definitions of the term’s biomaterials and biocompatible which are relative to all oral tissue tests for evaluation of biocompatibility.
It is rare that a biomaterial possess all ideal properties for scaffold fabrication. Synthetic and natural materials are used in the fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering and each of these material groups possesses specific advantages and disadvantages. Synthetic materials can be fabricated with a tailored architecture for specific applications, so they exhibit have pivotal properties (e.g., predictable and reproducible mechanical and physical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, and degradation rate) in tissue engineering, but they have drawbacks including the poor biologically activity and cell attachment as well as they are lack cell recognition sites. Unlike synthetic materials, natural materials are biologically active and typically induce excellent cell attachment, migration and proliferation. Furthermore, they are biodegradable by an enzymatic or hydrolytic mechanism and so allow host cells, over time, to eventually secrete their own extracellular matrix and replace the degraded scaffold.
Composition of bone Bones are made up of many different cells and minerals. The three main types of cells are
Bone is one of the most important connective tissues found in the body. It is very intricate, complex and specialised. In addition to providing mechanical support, bone also acts as a reservoir for minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate. The tissue in itself is highly dynamic as it possesses a self-remodelling nature that allows the bone remodel itself depending upon the mechanical loading it encounters, moreover bone can also self-regenerate to a large extent that allows repairing of tissue without a scar. However, traumatic injuries and pathological conditions like osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, tumour and osteogenesis imperfecta can disrupt the functionality of healthy tissue which ultimately leads to immobility, fractures, deformity and severe pain.
Metal composite materials have found application in many areas of daily life for quite some time. Often it is not realized that the application makes use of composite materials. These materials are produced in situ from the conventional production and processing of metals. Materials like cast iron with graphite or steel with high carbide content, as well as tungsten carbides, consisting of carbides and metallic binders, also belong to this group of composite materials. For many researchers the term metal matrix composites is often equated with the term light metal matrix composites (MMCs).
Research the products we use and buy products that use biodegradable exfoliants like Sugar, salt, cocoa beans and apricot shells. Support companies that care about matters that involve the environment such as this issue and are making changes. Along with taking microbeads out of our lives, supporting funds to upgrade our treatment plants nationwide with specialized filters and microfiltration devices is crucial in the fight against micro-particle pollution. These steps will make a significant impact on the environmental impact of microbeads because humans are the ones putting it in the
External & Internal fuels for brick industry: Despite the diversity of available fuels, following are the two methods of introduction of fuels in the brick making process: • As an external fuel i.e. fuel combusted with the aid of burner. • As an internal, body fuel i.e. mixed with clay. Also, there are three types of fuels based on the physical properties i.e.
Introduction The study of biomaterials science involves the application of materials to problems in biology and medicine. Biomaterials are widely used in medical applications, being synthetic materials or modified natural materials in medicine. Some examples of biomaterials applications are dental implants, artificial hip joints and artificial heart valves. Although the implantation of artificial materials had started more than 2000 years ago, where the Romans, Chinese and Aztec used gold in dentistry, it still raises ethical issues in these days. [1] Ethics basically helped human to make decisions, that is the decisions occur by altering technology.
Introduction: Bioplastics are a moldable plastic material made from many chemical compounds these compounds are synthesized by or may be derived from a lot of microbes as bacteria or by the genetically modified plant. This mean that the bioplastics derived from a renewable resources and are biodegradable while traditional plastics derived from materials based on petroleum(petroleum based plastics) and this type of plastics are not biodegradable, for this reason the disposing of traditional plastics has become a very serious problem and at present time it becomes one of main pollutants all over the world . Also the petroleum resources are being used up as petroleum is nonrenewable resource. Plastics are used daily in many purposes as packing