Bone Tissue Essay

Bone remodelling is an ongoing process of renewing and recycling of bone matrix or tissue. It involves 2 processes which is osteolysis, the removal of minerals collagen and fibre (matrix) from the bone by secreting the acids and proteolytic enzyme by the osteoclast, and osteogenesis, the process of producing new bones by addition of minerals and collagen fibre to bone by osteoblast. Remodelling of bone takes place in different rate in the region of the body. Even after the bone reaches their peak bone mass, they still continually remodelling the bone. The activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts need to be balanced so there will not be too much new tissue produced and make the bone heavy and thicker, or too much loss of calcium and minerals that can cause osteoporosis.

Bone is also made up of a lot of collagen which is the most abundant protein in the body. There is cancellous bone (spongy, internal bone) and compact bone (harder and external bone). At the joints between bones there is hyaline cartilage that acts as a shock absorber and allows the bones to glide along each other. Inside bones there is a substance called bone marrow.

Bone is a complex, highly organized and specialized connective tissue. It is characterized physically by the fact that it is a tissue that is hard, rigid and strong, and microscopically by the presence of relatively few cells and much intercellular substance formed of collagen fibers and stiffening substances [1,2]. Bone consists of 65% mineral, 35% organic matrix, cells, and water. The bone mineral is in the form of small crystals in the shape of needles, plates, and rods located within and between collagen fibers.

Whereas the skeletal system help maintain mineral balance. The human body requires minerals and fluids in order to function (Jenkins & Tortora, 2013) Bones are the location in which vital minerals are stored and released. The main minerals the bones store are Calcium and Phosphorus ions. Calcium is involved in various functions and many processes of the human body.

The composition of the long bone itself mainly of collagen fibers and an inorganic bone mineral in form of small crystals, In vivo bone (living bone in the bone the body) contains 10% and 20% of water of its dry mass, approximately 60-70% is bone mineral. Structure of the long bone are those that they are longer than they are wide. They are one of five types of bones, long short flat irregular and seasmoid. Long bones especially the femur and tibia are subjected to most of the load during daily activities and they are crucial for skeletal mobility.

Thus, it can be concluded that both Collagen and Gelatin have been emerging as

By the time a human reaches adulthood, the skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. It also includes all the tendons, cartilages and the networks of ligaments that help to connect them. This system plays a major role in many body functions like movement, protection, support and stability, blood cell production and calcium storage – that enable us to live. One of the many groups of bones is called phalanges, the bones found in human fingers.

The Musculoskeletal System The Musculoskeletal system is made up of muscle, bones, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, nerves and other connective tissues. The main purpose is to support and stabilise the body. The bones work together with the muscles to allow controlled movement and to keep the body’s shape. The bones of the body provide five main functions they are to produce blood cells (white and red), protect body organs (brain, lungs), provided leverage and movement (so we can sit up), and store lipids and minerals (calcium) and to provide structural support for the body: (A support framework for soft tissue and organs).

It gives wide exposure of coracoid process for the study of anatomical structures of the region, bones density as well as given clue to properly access this bone for researches relates to anthropometric studies. In this short modified method, the skin was reflected laterally and the fat, fascia removed, the pectorals major and deltoid muscles are clearly defined, which correlated with some previous published reports on dissection procedures of pectoral region (Romanes, 1986; Tank 2008), unlike the previously published techniques, where the pectorals major and pectorals minor muscles were dissected to expose the coracoid process (Romanes, 1986; Tank 2008). Our alternative approach seems to be consistent with the deltopectoral approach used in shoulder surgery with which the coracoid process can easily be approach once the deltopectoral groove with cephalic vein was identified, and the pectorals major and the deltoid was retracted upward and as well as laterally to access the coracoid process (Webb and Funk, 2006).

Fibroblast The fibroblast is the large cell type of the dermis. These cells are responcible for the formation of procollagen and elastic fibers. Procollagen is terminally cleaved by proteolytic enzymes into collagen which aggregates and turned into cross-linked. These tightly cross-linked collagen fibers allow tensile strength and resistance to shear and other mechanical forces.(9,10)

Background Research Teeth come in different shapes and sizes and everyones ' teeth are different. However all teeth have a few things in common- they all have three main layers; Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp. Enamel is the very hard protective shell on the visible part or crown of your tooth. It can withstand chewing and biting but is brittle and can chip/break easily. Dentin consists of a substance that is similar to bone, it is underneath the enamel and gives your teeth their color.

Bones are living tissue composed of living cells because of this they are a complex source of a wide variety of nutrients. They contain minerals which are embedded in protein, fat and fat soluble vitamins. They are a great source of calcium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, zinc, and manganese. The central part of most bones contain marrow which is a highly nutritious source of blood forming elements. They also provide natural antioxidants including enzymes.

4: The collar like shape of long bones help them withstand compressive stress by the mineral calcium phosphate. This mineral adds strength and hardness to the bone and makes them strong as well as how