Eukaryotic Genome Report
INTRODUCTION
Genome is the sum total of all genetic material of an organism. The genome may be either DNA or RNA. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes always have a DNA genome but viruses may either have a DNA genome or RNA genome. There are two distinct parts in eukaryotic genome, one is the nuclear genome and the other is the organelle genome, which is of two types: mitochondrial and chloroplast genome respectively.
This paper focuses on the organelle genome of eukaryotes, that is, mitochondrial and chloroplast genome. Mitochondria are found in both animals and plants, whereas chloroplast is found only in plants.
It was believed that these two organelles were two different, individual living entities. But these organelles were engulfed by a different
…show more content…
It is free from chromosomal proteins which is present in eukaryotic chromosomal DNA. The size of mtDNA varies among organisms as shown in the table below:
ORGANISM SIZE (kb)
Homo sapiens (human) 16.6
Mus musculus (mouse) 16.2
Xeropus laevis (frog) 18.4
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 18.4
Saccharomyces cervisiae (yeast) 75.0
Pisum sativum (pea) 110.0
Arabidopsis thaliana (mustard plant) 367.0
The mtDNA is smaller in animals than in plants as seen in humans it is only 16.6 and in plants it can be as big as 367. Introns are not present in mitochondrial genes and gene repetition hardly occurs.
Human mtDNA codes for two ribosomal RNA (rRNA), twenty two transfer RNA (tRNA) and 13 polypeptides which are essential for the oxidative respiration functions of the organelle. As mentioned earlier there are two strands in the mtDNA, these strands vary in density, as was proven by centrifugation. The two strands are the heavy (H) and the light (L) strands. Most of the genes are encoded by the H strand and some by the L strand.
All vertebrate mtDNA is very similar to that of humam, most of the noncoding regions of DNA are concentrated in one
Wrongful Conviction Examples
1168 Words | 5 PagesDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule found in all forms of life that is passed down from parents to offspring. What makes each DNA unique is the chemical makeup of the molecule sometimes referred to as the “blueprint of life.” (BIO). DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate and a base pair. About six million nucleotide base pairs make up DNA in each cell.
Nt1310 Unit 9 Study Guide
513 Words | 3 Pages1. Nucleus- present only in eukaryotic cells, this structure stores most of the genetic information of the cell. The nucleus directs the production of proteins through the synthesis of mRNA. 2.
Ap Biology Body Paragraph
347 Words | 2 PagesLynn Margulis, known as a science author, educator, and popularizer, is recognized for her discovery on primary proponent in the symbiosis in biological evolution. Lynn’s personal life is something you would never expect to be. Margulis is very famous for her discovery of the symbiosis in biological evolution and how many other scientists took her work and went off of her observations and facts. Body Paragraph 1: This paragraph will be about your Cell Biologist’s personal life, and life as a scientist. As much work and away from home Margulis was, she still very much had her own family and personal life.
Zinc Finger Gene In Sea Lion
806 Words | 4 PagesIn order to do this a PCR was set up. A PCR tube was obtained from the instructor. The PCR bead was then dissolved in 22 microliters primer cocktail. After the PCR bead was dissolved, three microliters of the DNA extracted from the first part of the experiment were added to the PCR mixture. This PCR mixture and the 1.5 ml extracted DNA samples were then submitted to the
Mary-Claire King Case Analysis
1238 Words | 5 PagesIt vindicated the military, but this incidence improved the AFDIL’s quality control in the mtDNA
Nt1310 Lab 1
401 Words | 2 Pages1. How does DNA encode information? DNA is a double-stranded helix composed of a phosphate backbone and deoxyribose, and encodes information by the sequence of its nucleotide bases, which are composed of adenine, thiamine, guanine and cytosine. DNA undergoes transcription, which produces single-stranded mRNA, which uses uracil in place of thiamine. Next step is translation, in which the RNA becomes a protein, which then can act as structural units or enzymes.
The Trial Of Danielle Van Dam
2195 Words | 9 PagesAs previously mentioned, the hairs found were tested using a comparison microscope and the hairs also were tested with mitochondrial DNA. We know as investigators that the significance of mitochondrial DNA is major because it is unique to the mother, unlike nuclear DNA which requires both parents. Mitochondrial DNA is advantageous in analyzing items such as hair that does not have the hair root attached. As stated for the fibers, tests like SEM and electronic microscopy were evaluated to determine that the fibers were in fact comparable to the fibers found around the
Lab Report Yeast Mating
1437 Words | 6 PagesYeast Mating Report I. Introduction Before the data and results can be discussed, it is important to understand a few key concepts such as the yeast life cycle, the different mating types a and alpha, and the yeast strains used in the experiment. The yeast life cycle consists of five stages; resting, budding, shmoo, spore and zygote. During the resting stage, or interphase, the yeast haploid cells are not replicating but are taking in nutrients (Urry et al 2014.) Next comes the budding stage in which the haploid cells begin to replicate either by proliferation or sporulation if the haploid cell is in the presence of another cell of the opposite mating type, either a or alpha (explained in more detail later.)
Informative Speech On Dna
860 Words | 4 PagesDNA has a massive job of keeping you alive. In essence, a microscopic strand of genes support your entire body and life. There are many smaller jobs protein has to accomplish that combine to accomplish the main job of supporting life. To start, DNA codes for proteins and every protein provide an essential biological function. Also, cells make up tissues, organs, and body systems.
Kingdom Animalia Research Paper
447 Words | 2 PagesDomain: Eukarya This domain contains all organisms that have eukaryotic cells, including members of the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. This means that they store DNA in the nucleus within each of their cells. Kingdom: Animalia All members of this kingdom are multicellular and heterotrophic, in other words, they are consumers. They do not have cell walls, and most of them are mobile for at least some part of their lives. Aside from these characteristics, kingdom Animalia is incredibly diverse.
DNA In Forensic Science
1116 Words | 5 PagesDNA in Forensic Science DNA is the carrier of genetic information in humans and other living organisms. It has become a very useful tool in forensic science since it was discovered. In forensic science, DNA testing is used to compare the genetic structure of two individuals to establish whether there is a genetic relationship between them. One example of the use of DNA in forensic science that is important in biology today is comparing a suspect’s DNA profile to DNA that was discovered at a crime scene.
Four Perspectives In Psychology
814 Words | 4 PagesDNA is a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosome. Genomes are the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s
Importance Of Dna In Forensic Science
1251 Words | 6 PagesMicrobes were the first organism to occupy the Earth. They are a group of the smallest organisms and are single cellular organisms. Microbes are becoming important in areas such as biochemistry, genetics, agriculture and medicine. They are also important decomposers. One example, of a microbial life is the prokaryotes called bacteria.
DNA Sequencing: An Evolutionary Study
602 Words | 3 PagesWhen scientists analysed the DNA of the 3 organisms, it was
More about Eukaryotic Genome Report
Wrongful Conviction Examples
1168 Words | 5 PagesNt1310 Unit 9 Study Guide
513 Words | 3 PagesPglo Lab
1396 Words | 6 PagesAp Biology Body Paragraph
347 Words | 2 PagesZinc Finger Gene In Sea Lion
806 Words | 4 PagesMary-Claire King Case Analysis
1238 Words | 5 PagesNt1310 Lab 1
401 Words | 2 PagesThe Trial Of Danielle Van Dam
2195 Words | 9 PagesLab Report Yeast Mating
1437 Words | 6 PagesInformative Speech On Dna
860 Words | 4 PagesKingdom Animalia Research Paper
447 Words | 2 PagesDNA In Forensic Science
1116 Words | 5 PagesFour Perspectives In Psychology
814 Words | 4 PagesImportance Of Dna In Forensic Science
1251 Words | 6 PagesDNA Sequencing: An Evolutionary Study
602 Words | 3 Pages