ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to discuss 2010-2011 New Zealand earthquakes and the aftershocks, geological reasons of earthquake and various terminologies related to earthquake. The article also describes the Geology of New Zealand and how the geographical location makes the country Vulnerable to such disasters. Majorly the article discuss, the 2010 Canterbury earthquake and 2011 Christchurch earthquake, its Impact on Social and Economic structures of the country and its impact on the Ecology and its overall effect. In this article the Christchurch earthquake has been considered as a aftershock to the main event, which was the Canterbury earthquake but there is an argument whether the Christchurch earthquake was a aftershock of main
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On Mercalli intensity scale the quake was measured X (extreme). The main shock caused widespread damage and several power outages, particularly in the city of Christchurch. Though there was no loss to life, two people were severely injured. A foreshock was also felt 5 seconds before the main quake. Since the epicentre of the quake was on land no Tsunami occurred. The event was followed by aftershocks for about 17 months.
One of the major and devastating aftershock was Christchurch earthquake. At 12.51 pm NZDT on 22 February 2011 an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 again struck the Canterbury region of South island, New Zealand, but this time the earthquake was centred 2 kilometres west of the port town of Lyttelton and 10 kilometres south-east of the centre of Christchurch, New Zealand's second most populous city. The earthquake caused widespread damage to the life and ecology. The quake also caused significant damage to the city’s infrastructure, which already had been weakened by the earlier quakes in previous months. 185 people were killed in the disaster and more were severely injured. This event was again followed by large aftershocks on 11 June 2011 and 23 December 2011 causing considerable additional
But people have similar and different views and opinions on this earthquake, and that is seen “Comprehending the Calamity” by Emma Burke and in Fred Hewitt’s “Horrific Wreck of the City”. In 1906, the San Francisco earthquake struck a little after five in the morning. The earthquake, at a magnitude of 7.8, shook and destroyed buildings. At least 250,000 people were homeless, and many camped out in a park. But that wasn't all.
San Francisco Earthquake and Fire or 1906 Introduction: The San Francisco earthquake and fire was a huge catastrophic event that affected the city people, the city as a whole, and the Chinese people and culture. Within the 40 seconds of terror, everything San Francisco was known for was leveled to the ground. How it affected the City This 8.3 magnitude earthquake ruined the whole city and broke the hearts of the people inside of it.
In 1906, an earthquake hit San Francisco, California. More than 3,000 people died. The earthquake that hit San Francisco was one of the largest earthquakes in northern California. It struck the coast of Northern California. "Horrific Wreck of the City" by Fred Hewitt and “Comprehending the Calamity:” by Emma Burke are both about the same thing but the two authors opinion on how this disaster affected people are completely different.
Juneau is in a very unique situation. The city faces multiple geologic processes that could be dangerous. These processes can be very hazardous. Some of the hazards the city faces avalanches, earthquakes, heavy snow, landslides, and tsunamis. Although the city faces regular avalanches and the possibility of landslides the town’s major hazard is earthquakes.
In San Francisco on April 18, 1906 at about 5:13 am a HUGE earthquake hit recorded as a 7.7-7.9 . Damaging buildings from left to right. Many poorly structured buildings collapsed causing 500 million dollars in total damage (1906 money) translated to about 8.2 billion dollars today. It was recorded that most buildings immediately caught fire which trapped the victims, about 25,000 buildings were burnt down from the fire, a total of about 490 blocks.
Thousands of people died, the city was wrecked and fires were set aflame. The earthquake happened at 5:13 in the morning on April 20, 1906. The earthquake destroyed the city hall and many more buildings that took a long time to build. It had killed many people and started oil leaks. The leaks led to fires that blazed upon the city and killed many more.
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a magnitude of 7.9. This devastating event killed thousands. It was a normal day, people did not prepare for this, it just happened. Despite a quick response from San Francisco's large military population, the city was devastated. The earthquake and fires killed an estimated 3,000 people and left half of the city's 400,000 residents homeless.
The quake went even worse at 4:37 AM, because at this time buildings started to fall down, flood started to come, and some buildings was burnt by fire. At 4:39 AM is the worst situation, because some highways
The destruction of the earthquake and the fires that followed resulted in the estimated death of more than 3,000 citizens, property damage of $400,000,000, and homeless population of 200,000. With nearly every building leveled and the majority of citizens scattered throughout the city, large companies and businesses were forced to shut down or relocate, damaging the city's economy even greater. As a result, nearly every citizen of San Francisco was left jobless and unable to care for themselves or their family. In addition to the sudden skyrocket in unemployment, a large sum of San Francisco's refugees in need of urgent care could no longer wait for municipal or federal support and began relocating in available sources of aid such as Oakland. In response, social developments like relief services in San Francisco and from around the country organized throughout the city in an attempt to keep its population from lowering any further by providing aid for victims
On April 18, 1906 an earthquake hit San Francisco for mere minutes. The earthquake registered 8.25 on the Richter scale (eyewitnesshistory). The damage from the earthquake paled in comparison to the level of destruction that followed. The quake cost 3,000 people their lives and not only rattled the residences of San Francisco, but people from Oregon to L.A and as far inland as Nevada(history.com).
The earthquakes intensity was measured at a magnitude of 7.9 on the present Richter scale (The Great 1906, 4). This earthquake was an extremely vigorous magnitude that would have killed approximately fifthteen hundred to forty five hundred people and injure fifty thousand (House, 51). This was not the first earthquake in San Francisco. 1864, 1898, and 1900 were years of earthquakes striking but not as strong as 1906 (San Francisco of 1906, 1). Ten million California residents who lived closely from the major fault lines could have been in endangered in many extreme ways. (House, 56).
There are a lot of unexpected thing happened to our life. The Valdivia earthquake and Alaskan earthquakes is the most strongest earthquakes that ever happen in the world and this earthquakes are giving both of the two country a very big impact to their population and economy, they also losing a lot of people, housed, money and a huge of the area that earthquakes happened got damage. By the way one of the American author, Thomas Sowell, had said that “All thing are the same except for the differences and different except for the similarities” and that it true however both of them are the top strongest earthquakes but they are some different and similarity between them. Valdivia earthquake and Alaska earthquake are happened in America.
These two plates push and shove each other causing small tremors throughout which can cause landslides,volcanic eruptions and once in a couple years, quakes with devastating results. The strongest earthquake recorded occurred in 1991 with a measure of 7.6 on the Richter scale. This earthquake left 4 dead and buildings as well as bridges and road were completely destroyed. If another Earthquake occurs, the coastal cities would be the most affected ones as they are closer to the plates.
The Tohoku Earthquake was the most powerful earthquake recorded to have hit Japan. The earthquake was a magnitude 9.0 off the coasts of Japan that occurred at 2:46pm on Friday 11 March 2011, which triggered a powerful tsunami that reached the height up to 10.4 meters. A Japanese National Police Agency reported 15,889 deaths, 6,152 injured, and 2,601 people missing, 127,290 buildings totally collapse, 272,788 buildings half collapse, and another 747,989 buildings partially damaged. The Tohoku earthquake and tsunami caused severe structural damage in northeastern Japan, including heavy damage to roads, railways and dams, not to mention fires in many areas. It was the toughest and the most difficult crisis in Japan after the World War 2 leaving