Apter's Criticism Of Comparative Literature

Criticisms of Eichel’s Essay In “Interpreting ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’: Translation and Manipulation of Audience Expectations,” Andrew Eichel makes a convincing argument as to how translations can affect pieces of writing. Throughout his essay, Eichel lays out a vast amount of examples as to how translations affect writing; however, there are issues with how this evidence was presented. Firstly, it is not clear what kind of audience is addressed in the essay. Eichel also presents an extremely black and white perspective on foreignization vs. domestication. Additionally, Eichel chose an unnecessarily sophisticated language for his essay and over exaggerated the way Tolkien’s translation changes the original, as well as its “obscurity.”

In comparison, both articles broach the subject of racist speech, but Bok’s uses weak reasoning and analysis, whereas Lawrence's use of inductive and deductive reasoning, rhetorical appeals and fallacies make his the stronger article. David Bok’s reasoning for how racist speech can be solved is flawed. On

Many of the situations that Wormwood tries to use, in order to turn the young Christian from his faith, are the very same trials people face in a typical day. Now since everyone can agree that everyone has sinned except for Christ. Then it is easy to see that the majority of people need to understand what sin is and how to be prepared to manage it. This book by CS Lewis, equips someone with the tools they need to recognize Satan's deceptions for these three following reasons: Wormwood used the man's feelings towards his mother to harden his heart against her, Wormwood tries to tempt the Christian with the sin of pride, and finally Wormwood attempts to cause the man to fall in his purity Firstly, Wormwood used the

That’s what Inga Clendinnen did in her book “Reading The Holocaust” to bring an outsiders view and to not make judgment on anyone like Levi and Goldhagen had done in their books. After reading “Witnessing” we have seen that much like Levi and Goldhagen description the main focus of the German Natzi was to remove one from society and turn them into the image of what they thought all Jews should be, which was “Haftling”. Clendinnen went more in depth with what the German Natzi were trying to do and talked about the new language they spoke inside the camp and the terms they used. Such as

Bilhartz did well in explaining the setting in which Jesus was born into. What I found intriguing was the different classes of Jews of that time. There were those who opposed Hasmonean rulers, foreign expansion, and rule by aristocrats known as the Pharisees, which is derived from a Hebrew word meaning "the separated". Then there were those in favor of foreign expansion and Hasmonean rulers known as the Sadducees (Bilhartz, 2006, p. 56). Differences between the two groups were apparent in their religious beliefs, political views, and social class.

Reading this novel, the author suggests that people will always see things in their own way, as if it’s part of human nature. For example, many questioned why Hitler hated the Jews so much when he was partly Jewish himself. In the story, Rabbi Bengelsdorf, who is Jewish, believed that "the development of American ideals" was to the upmost importance (Roth, 34). He shared similar views as Charles Lindbergh, believing that those who cling on to their Jewish background must be repressed and “Americanized”. Philip Roth rewrites history, depicting the actions of human nature and how is effected not only the Roth family, but the whole American

Holocaust denial and distortion are forms of antisemitism. They are generally motivated by hatred of Jews and build on the claim that the Holocaust was invented or exaggerated by Jews as part of a plot to advance Jewish interests.” (Holocaust Denial and Distortion). There are truly people who think this way and believe the Jews were just using this “fake” story to help themselves. People need to see and understand what the jews went through, because we can’t just let that slide as if it were nothing, something like this needs to be seen, no matter how gruesome. It needs to be seen and spread, until there is absolutely no denying what happened.

In Merchant of Venice, a romantic comedy written by Shakespeare, Shylock, a man of Jewish faith, is portrayed as the villain and obstacle of the tale. Many have argued that the play was written as an anti-Semitic piece of work because of the portrayal of Shylock. Anti-Semitism is the hatred, prejudice or discrimination of Jews in all aspects of their lives, and this treatment is clearly seen being thrown onto Shylock by one of the main protagonists, Antonio. One must ask the question now, if the role of Shylock is simply to be the villain. I say this because there is a reason as to why Shylock is a villain in the first place; the treatment of Shylock by our good hearted Christian, Antonio.

The Virtue of Hester Prynne In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s highly acclaimed novel, The Scarlet Letter, a Puritan town’s reaction is described after Hester Prynne raises a scandal that goes against the town’s religious views. The Puritans believe the Bible should be translated into their life and that God should be the center of it. Many of them think of Hester as a sinful woman without virtue. They treat her as an outcast and consider that she is somehow affiliated with the Devil. However, after reading Proverbs 31 and analyzing the novel, a conclusion can be determined that Hester Prynne does in fact have virtue.

We ought be extremely informed on our surroundings in different countries per say about Adolf Hitler regime and its anti- Jewish policies. The anti- policies were the persecution of Jews a central tenet of Nazis ideology. The Nazi Party members publicly declared their intention to the Jews from “Aryan” society and to repeal Jews’ political , legal,and civil rights. Jews were considered a “race”. The Nazis also thought, that the Jewish Religion was irrelevant, and the Nazis attributed a wide variety of negative stereotypes.