Essay On Crowding
INTRODUCTION
Motivation as a term has been derived from the Latin word “movere”, meaning to move. Motivation aims to those psychological processes that can cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are oriented towards a common goal. Motivation is the “willingness to exercise higher levels of effort toward organizational goals, backed by the effort’s ability to satisfy most of the individual needs”. Needs here are internal states that makes some outcomes attractive. Unsatisfied needs create anxiety that stimulates drives within the individual. These drives then triggers search behaviour to look for particular goals that, if accomplished, will satisfy the needs and lead to the reduction in anxiety. This concludes
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It is valued for its own sake and is self sustained. It is measured by commitment to the work, which must be both fulfilling and satisfactory for the employees. It is said that `if you want to motivate people to do a good job, provide them a good job to do’.
Crowding Effects: There are dynamic and systematic relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation that are known as crowding effects. These effects consider both kinds of motivations as endogenous variables. They can be subdivided into a crowding-out and a crowding- in effect. The crowding-in-effect gives a positive relationship where as the crowding-out-effect gives a negative relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Self-control: This motivation aspect is increasingly considered to as a part of emotional intelligence. It is suggested that although a person is highly intelligent, he may remain unmotivated so as to pursue intellectual endeavours. It provides an account of people those may decide to exert self-control in pursuit of a particular goal.
Drives: Drives or desire are explained as a deficiency or need that initiates behaviour that is aimed at a goal or an incentive. These drives are thought to originate within the individual and may not require external stimuli to encourage the
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