Endocrine Gland Research Paper

An endocrine gland is a gland that comes from the endocrine system which secrets its products like hormones straight into the blood stream without passing through a duct, these endocrine glands are found in the pituitary gland thyroid gland testes ovaries pancreas adrenal gland, parathyroid gland and hypothalamus. (1)The two main classes of hormones are either steroids or modified amino acids, peptides and proteins. Adrenaline can effect a person’s body in different ways as it can cause a person’s heart rate to rise and a person’s blood pressure to increase and it can cause dilation of the pupils, adrenaline is also said to be the first messenger in initiating cell reactions. Adrenaline activates the enzyme adrenal cyclase. cAMP is known as

Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism where a stimulus causes an opposite output and I does this to maintain the ideal level of what is being regulated ad example of negative feedback in the human body is temperature regulation as when the body’s temperature is high it is detected by nerve cells which send this information to the part of the brain which regulates body temperature called the thermoregulatory centre and the brain sends out signals to cool the person down by making them sweat. Positive feedback does the opposite to negative feedback instead of causing an opposite output it aids a physiological process and amplifies the action of that system, an example of positive feedback in the body is when the skin is cut and a blood vessel has been damaged, so platelets in the blood stream come to the site of damage and begin releasing chemicals which trigger more platelets which then triggers even more platelets and this carries on until the

Insulin binds onto target cells like the liver, and cells uptake the Glucose from the bloodstream and convert the glucose into glucagon this is known as glycogenesis, if your blood glucose is low it is detected by alpha cells then the glucose binds onto target cells and glucagon is converted to glucose and this is known as glycogenolisis, diabetes milltus is an auto immune disease where the human body destroys B cells and insulin is required to help counter this. And the first type is when B cells don’t detect or produce enough insulin, so the person must control their diet and have injections to help. The second type is when target cells seem to lose sensitivity to insulin and so glucose cannot be up-taken correctly and this can be countered using injections. (5)

Pituitary dwarfism occurs when your body is not able to produce enough growth hormones to allow the person to grow, within the pituitary gland there are 8 hormones produced in the anterior area and only 2 produced in the posterior, the most common type of pituitary dwarfism goes by the name of pan hypopituitarism and this is where not enough hormones are produced by both the posterior and anterior areas of the pituitary gland which affects the persons growth and causes the rate which the persons limb grow at to majorly decrease however even though it decreases your limbs stay in proportion to the size of your