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Essay On Excretory System

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Urinary Calculus
Introduction

The excretory system includes a pair of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. The parts of the excretory system have been shown in following diagram. Fig: Anatomy of human excretory system
Brief description of the parts of the excretory system is discussed below:
1. Kidneys. The kidneys, two in number, are situated in the back part of the abdomen, and are for the purpose of separating from the blood certain materials which, when dissolved in a quantity of water, also separated from the blood by the kidneys, constitute the urine. The right kidney is usually on a slightly lower level than the left.
The kidney is surrounded by a distinct layer of fibrous tissue which forms a smooth but firm covering around the organ. Each …show more content…

They not only remove the metabolic wastes, but also eliminate nitrogenous wastes, excess of water, salts and other excess substances. The kidneys play significant role in short and long term management of hypertension.
Physiology of human excretory system
Man passes about 1.5 liters of urine in 24 hours. Urine is a yellowish fluid, it shade depends on its concentration. It mainly contains water and organic and inorganic substances. Inorganic salts include chlorides, sulphates, and phosphates of sodium and potassium. Organic substances include urates, uric acid and creatinine.
Urine is produced and drained continuously by the urinary tubules into the kidney. From here it enters into the urinary bladder. Sphincters prevent the back flow of urine. As the urine collects, the muscular walls of the bladder distend. Reflexes come into action and there is an urge to discharge the urine.
Some common diseases of the urinary system are Vasti-shotha (cystitis), painful micturition or Mutra-krricha (Dysuria), blood in urine or Rakta meha (haematuria), Gurdae ki pathari or kidney stone or Ashmari (Renal calculi), excess urination or Prameha

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