University Putra Malaysia
Faculty Of Food Science and Technology
Academic Year 2015/2016
FST 4703
FOOD METABOLISM
Lecturer : DR. Ahmad Faizal Bin Abdull Razis
Name :Indah Sriwahyuni
Matriculation No.: 164611
Role of digestive system as a body defense
Introduction
Food is a very important source of energy for humans. Healthy foods will create healthy for the human body. The food which is the source of energy for humans that contains carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. The food consumed to be digested in the human body through the digestive system. The foods that we ate contain nutrients which absorbed in digestive process. Food that has been digested will convert starch into simple sugars, protein into amino acid, and fat into glycerol and fatty acid. Digestion begins in the mouth and ends in small intestine.
The immune system of the intestine extends from the mouth to the anus.The most important area of this defense is
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The system consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Absorption from the digestive system also occurs via the lymphatic system. Toxins are also absorbed by the lymphatic system of the digestive system. This is one way in which the system is to maintain homeostasis. The lymphatic system, also known as the immune system, is responsible for protecting the body from foreign invasion. Lymph, lymph nodes, vessels, tonsils, thymus and spleen are all composed of the organs of the lymphatic system. The digestive system is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. The system consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Absorption from the digestive system also occurs via the lymphatic system. Toxins are also absorbed by the lymphatic system of the digestive system. So, digestive system has an important role as body defense for
This eliminates the infected cell" before it has time to multiply. (Alberts, B. 1970) 2. Your immune system is constantly working to fight off foreign invaders. The body recognizes its own cells from foreign cells by protein markers or antigens. As the B and T cells form the can tell the difference between your own cells and foreign cells.
Dionna Johnson~ Chapter 2 Paper Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, and they're the simplest form of sugar also. Monosaccharides are the main block of complex carbohydrates, such as disaccharides and polysaccharides. They appear in a crystal-like substance, and can dissolve in water. Molasses has a high content of the monosaccharides. Yogurt contains monosaccharide galactose, cherries contain monosaccharide fructose.
The proper functioning of one system relies on the proper functioning of the other system. In other words, the digestive system needs to be in good working order to support the functions of the cardiovascular system. An example of the digestive and cardiovascular systems interrelating is: the first step in digestion of fat is to dissolve it into the intestine where bile acids produced by the liver dissolve the fat into fatty acids and cholesterol. The bile acids join with the fatty acids and cholesterol and vessels then carry the changed fat to the veins of the chest, and the blood carries the fat to storage in different parts of the body.
It is a chemical process within the body, which takes place in two parts, Catabolism and Anabolism. Catabolism is the process, which breaks the food,
The digestive system is responsible for chemically and mechanically breaking down food and includes organs such as, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, anus, and additional accessory organs. These organs all aid in the breakdown of food. Food is broken down mechanically by chewing and churning in the stomach, and chemically by acidic enzymes in the stomach and in the small intestine which receives enzymes from the pancreas that are specifically designed for the breakdown of nutrients. Once the food and nutrients are broken down, the excretory system removes whatever the body decides is waste by filtering blood in the nephrons of the kidneys and turning it into urine which is then collected in the bladder and removed from the body when the bladder is
Food is required in order to live as well as maintain a healthy lifestyle. Potassium, fiber, fat, calories, sodium, along with a bunch of vitamins are required for human body. Calories give us vitality to move around and do our day to day work. From past food industry in United States has grown so much.
The Digestive System The digestive system is a system consisting of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, the rectum and the anus. The functions of the digestive system are: • To break down food particles into molecules for digestion • To absorb into the bloodstream the small molecules produced by digestion • To eliminate un digested and unabsorbed foodstuffs and other waste products from the body The full digestive process begins at the mouth. The food enters the mouth and is chewed.
At least 70 million people in the U.S. suffer from some sort of digestive illness (not including heartburn), and digestive problems account for nearly 10% of all healthcare spending. The hard-working gut allows nutrients and water to enter the body while preventing the entry of toxins/antigens. It’s a selective barrier between “us” and the outside world. But a distressed gut can’t act in our defense.
The endocrine system is such an important system to the body because it functions the bodies use of hormones. The body uses many different hormones and the endocrine system regulates these. When the glands of the endocrine system secrete the hormones, the hormones are put into the bloodstream to be sent to the different parts of the body. The glands that comprise the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland which are all located in the brain, the thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus which are located in the throat, the adrenals and pancreas which are located in the body’s midsection, and the ovaries (female) and testes (male) which are located in the pelvic region. The system is so important because it regulates the body’s metabolism, growth and sexual development, digestion, heart rate, and many of the other body functions regulated by hormones.
And, there are five food sources and Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs) that need to understand. This is because of the information will help people understand with having different food sources will influence to the nutrition that human need. Examples, grain food sources that contain carbohydrate; fruit and vegetable food sources, dairy food sources that contain fiber; meat/meat alternate food sources that contain protein and also fats, oils and sweet food sources that contain fat. There are total contain five food sources with different nutrition.
IMMUNE SYSTEM All living organisms are continuously exposed to substances that are capable of causing them harm. Most organisms protect themselves against such substances in more than one way --- with physical barriers, for example, or with chemicals that repel or kill invaders. Animals with backbones, called vertebrates, have these types of general protective mechanisms, but they also have a more advanced protective system called the immune system. The immune system is a complex network of organs containing cells that recognize foreign substances in the body and destroy them. It protects vertebrates against pathogens, or infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other parasites.
Food, a substance which is consumed to provide nutrition to the body. It is usually obtain from plant or animal and contain many essential nutrients, which includes fats, vitamins and minerals. The food ingested and assimilated by organism and its cells respectively, to provide energy, maintain life and to stimulate growth. We humans have five different types of tastes perception like sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. As humans have evolved, the taste which provide the most energy like sugar and fats are mostly pleasant to eat while others like bitter etc, are not enjoyable.
Some examples are the circulatory, the excretory, the muscle, and the digestive systems. For example, the digestion system is an organ system that digests the food a person eats. Some organs in the digestive system are the esophagus, rectum, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, and appendix. The digestive system is very important because without it, organisms would not be able to digest food. Food would just sit inside the body or go through it without the body taking any energy for fuel.
A lot of nutrients can only be released from food and absorbed by human after cooking. The digestive system of human had already evolved a lot after consuming cooked food for thousands of years, and is no longer suitable for digesting raw food after the long-lasting evolution.
Due this process, it allows the lymphatic system to monitor the invading microbes. The lymphatic vessels also carry a clear fluid that it bathes in the body’s tissues that is known as lymph. Another organ is lymph node that is has specialized compartments where the immune system there and can encounter antigens. It shaped is small and bean shapes that are there in neck, armpits, abdomen and groin. As mentioned above, that there is lymphatic vessels, so that the immune cells and all the foreign particles will enter then exit through outgoing lymphatic vessels.