Essay On Food Tolerance
FOOD TOLERANCE
The effect of intestinal microbial flora on food tolerance
Oral tolerance entails a lack of immune response, at the local and systemic levels, following the oral administration of harmless antigens, such as food proteins (it is a similar process that regulates the immune response to commensal gut bacteria, except these are not tolerated at a systemic level) [28]. It is extremely important for the immune system to be able to differentiate between dangerous antigens and inoffensive materials; an active immune response against commensal micro-organisms can lead to inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, while failure to tolerate certain food antigens may lead to food allergies and celiac disease [28].
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Furthermore, soluble antigens acquire both local and systemic tolerance, whereas particulate antigens, presumably because they are more likely to arise from commensal bacteria, only achieve local tolerance [28].
Table ORAL FOOD TOLERANCE: depending on the antigen uptake method
Soluble Antigens Particulate Antigens
-uptake by dendritic cells in the lamina propria
-transport to isolated lymphoid follicles
-acquire both local and systemic tolerance -uptake by M cells
-end up in GALT
-acquire local tolerance only
Mucosally induced tolerance is initiated in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and further sustained and expanded in the intestinal lamina propria by antigen-specific Tregs [Stefka, 80]. Certain bacterial species may promote or disfavour Foxp3+ Treg induction, which will determine immune reactivity
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