The epidemiology of fungal infections has changed during the last decade as well as dramatic improvements can be seen in the antifungal therapies [1]. Eventhough there is remarkable progress in diagnostic and antifungal drug research during the past 10 years, there still exists difficulties in prompt diagnosis and the complexity of the clinical characteristics makes the management of invasive fungal infections a great challenge. Fungal infections affect millions of people throughout the world and can be classified into three groups namely superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic mycoses. Superficial infections are mainly confined to mucous membrane, skin nails and hair. The most common fungal infections of the skin are dermatophytoses, pityriasis versicolor, and candidiasis. Approximately 90% of fungal infections are caused …show more content…
Stratum corneum 2. Stratum lucidum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum spinosum 5. Stratum basale Stratum corneum Stratum corneum also called as horny layer is the outer most layer and it mainly consists of dead cells called corneocytes. These corneocytes under pressure lose their nucleus and become dead cells. Due to keratin, a fibrous protein the cytoplasm is usually flattened in nature. These cells also contain phospholipids and glycogen as their components. Stratum Lucidum Stratum lucidum consists of flattened epithelial cells. Most of the cells have degenerated nucleus and in some the nucleus is completely absent. This layer is present only in the thick skin of areas such as the fingertips, palms and soles. It consist of four to six layers of flattened clear, dead keratinocytes that contains large amount of keratin and thickened plasma membrane. This provides an additional level of toughness in this region of thick skin. Stratum granulosum This is a thin layer which consists of two to five rows of flattened rhomboid cells. The keratohyaline granules are present in the cytoplasam and this protein is the precursor of keratin. Stratum
Endomysium is found within a muscle and it contains nerves and capillaries. It is a fine layer of connective tissue that extracts each individual myocyte. P5 – Describe the sliding filament theory, giving a step by step process.
Katie Rand A & P Domestic Animals I MWF 11:30-12:20 Homework Assignment 1 Friday, February 24, 2017 1. When there is a full-thickness abrasion to the paw, re-epithelialization would come from pad skin that is still attached at the edge of the paw pad abrasion. 2. As soon as a paw pad abrasion shows keratinization on the brand new epithelium, it is safe to stop bandaging the wound.
When the cells leave the granulosum, they drop off and make a way for the stratum lucidum. However, the spinosum is composed of pre-keratin, and the granulosum has cells that are dying because they are far away from the dermal. o
Chapter 2 Activity #2 (1-10) 1. What is the English – language description for diagnosis code 696.1? Psoriasis 2. Describe the disease from question 1. Psoriasis- “is a skin disorder.
The yeast menace is known by several different terms, candidosis, yeast infection,monilia and thrush. Symptoms of yeast infections are vast, however there are some that are more obvious, these include chronic tiredness, cystitis and thrush that continues to come back even after you have treated it. Some other symptoms which are not as obvious include, anxiety,mood swings, fluid retention ,allergies,depression,inability to loose weight,constipation, diahorrea, PMS, acne and dermatitis as well as hypoglycaemia. With a list as exhaustive as this, it's easy to see why it's deemed one of the most debilitating immune deficiencies and nutritional disorders of our time, As with any infection, one or many of the symptoms may exist, however, advanced
The reflex process begins when the tack, or stimulus, makes contact with the integument on the bottom of the foot; this is the arrival of a stimulus. The stimulus’ pathway starts at the epidermis, where it will penetrate all five layers, from the outermost stratum corneum, it travels through the stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum spinosum, all the way to the innermost stratum basale. From there, it will continue into the dermis, where there is an extensive network of nerve endings and nerve fibers throughout the two layers of the dermis. The papillary layer contains Meissner’s corpuscles, touch receptors that are sensitive to light touch, which would be able to sense the feeling of the tack making contact with the epidermis. Within the reticular layer are Pacinian corpuscles, touch receptors that can detect deep pressure and vibration, such as the pressure of the tack against the foot.
Being able to identify unknown microbes from systematic testing is what makes the field of microbiology so important, especially in infectious disease control. Using the testing procedure laid out by the microbiology field we are able to identify unknown bacteria present in our everyday lives, and along the way learn a lot about their characteristics that separate them from other types of bacteria. Being able to do this is vital in order for us to understand why microbes are present in certain places, how they are able to grow and what restricts their growth, that way they can be combatted if necessary. These techniques for determining unknowns are also important for isolating and testing infectious disease microbes in order to prevent spreading. Another important aspect of being able to identify unknown microbes is the
Sponge tend to form a long line of stress which gives strength and flexibility in that area (Biology dictionary, n.d). articular cartilage is smooth elastic tissue which decreases friction and distribute load. Cartilage exhibits stress-shielding of the solid matrix components due to its high-water content, the incompressibility of water and the structural organization of the proteoglycan and collagen molecules (Derek Moore,n.d). Epiphyseal line is area of developing tissue and everyone has at least two, one at each end of bonePeriosteum is outer membrane which contains connective tissue, nerves and capillaries. It allows blood in and out of bone and help with growth and repair (PubMedhealth,n.d).
Smallpox is a highly contagious and fatal disease that had a huge impact on the human population. It is thought to have been originated from India or Egypt at least 3,000 years ago. Smallpox is caused by two variations of the variola virus, variola major and variola minor. Variola major is the most common form of smallpox. It enters the body through the lungs and is carried to the internal organs.
INTRODUCTION Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is one of the most important agents in the prevention of hospital acquired infections or what we termed nosocomial infections. IPC channels every member of the hospital, which includes, healthcare providers (HCP), patients and the hospitals perse. It is important to practice IPC commandment to every hospital as well as community. The Palestinian Ministry of Health (MOH) adopted the national IPC protocol.
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin when the skin becomes dry, red, scaly, flaky, itchy, and can be blistered. The skin becomes hard, thickened and cracked, swelled, especially in the eyes, face, or groin areas. Skin can appear darkened or leathery, extreme itching and sun sensitive. The most vulnerable parts of the body are the hands, the forearms and face.
Disease, one of the major killers of the 18th and 19th Century. Hundreds of thousands across the world have died from numerous infectious disease that spread as fast as wildfire. One of the most notorious examples of a plague that spread and wiped out a third of europe was the Bubonic Plague or its common name, the Black Death. How do we keep diseases such as the Bubonic Plague from wiping out the developing new world known as America? What disease could cause cause such panic and uproar that hundreds of citizens to flee from their city to avoid it?
The names of different ringworm cases depend on where it is located on the body. The fungus can appear on the body, a beard, feet, groin area, or scalp. The word tinea is used before each term. Tinea simply means a fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails. Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp.
The Dermis is the second layer of skin. It is located below the Epidermis and contains our hair follicles (which sprout on the Epidermis). The Hypodermis is the lowest and largest layer, containing fat and connective tissues.
The epidermis is the layer of skin that we can see. It varies in thickness. The thickest layer is on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. The thinnest layer is on the eyelids and nipples. The cells on the surface are constantly coming off (shedding) this is known as desquamation.