HUMAN ACTIVITIES AS THE SOURCE OF GROUND WATER CONTIMINATION Priyanka Bisht* Dr. Arjun Lal Meena** Dr. Navin Kumar***
INTRODUCTION
Ground water is water located beneath the surface in soil pore space and in permeable geological formation. Sources of ground water include
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To avoid these high concentrations, new wells should be drilled to sufficient depth.
4.Individual sources:
Lastly, individuals can also cause groundwater contamination by improperly disposing of waste. Motor oil, detergents and cleaners can leak into water sources. Importantly, groundwater can also be contaminated by naturally occurring sources. Soil and geologic formations containing high levels of heavy metals can leach those metals into groundwater. This can be aggravated by over-pumping wells, particularly for agriculture. This is the case in much of Bangladesh, where groundwater contains high levels of naturally occurring arsenic. One study indicated that a full one fifth of the population drinks water containing 5 times the arsenic level recommended bythe WHO.
PREVENTION OF GROUNDWATER
According to the article “How Tap Water Became Toxic in Flint, Michigan,” written by Sara Ganim and Linh Tran, the residents of Flint, Michigan highly disapproved of the new water source. Around 2 years ago, the city of Flint was forced to switch their water supply from Lake Huron to a more local source, Flint River. Before, this was not a big problem to the residents of Flint because they were told that the water they were drinking was harmless. However, people began to doubt that the water they were drinking was safe because it looked like sewage. Over time, new evidence began to arise claiming that the water contained massive amounts of lead and iron.
A process called leveling the fields is used to cut the land flat using a laser. Another way humans use water is through industrial use. Industrial purposes use around 6% of water use. Primary metal industries use the most industrial usage of water which is around 254.26 million gallons per day. Some water used for industries and irrigation is obtained through the reservoirs created by dams.
When concerning our drinking water it should be considered that pathogenic organisms may contaminate soil, as well as stick on to the sediments in the surrounding area; making it more tricky to clear completely. Nitrate poisoning is another large concern,
Water contamination is one of the most well-known risks caused by hydrofracking, most likely because water is one of the key components of this process. “Each well uses between two and five million gallons of locally-sourced freshwater which will be permanently contaminated” by the toxic chemicals placed into the water during fracking (Fracking: The Dangers). Some of the water returns to earth’s surface and is stored above ground in steel casks. It is finally inserted deep into the ground into “waste wells” (Fracking: The Dangers). Unaccounted water that is not put into waste wells may stay underground; however, its chemicals can make their way into the water supply of the surrounding areas which causes contamination.
There are a multitude of events that could cause leak into a water well; even a small leak could cause illness and potentially death for miles around. One example of this occurred in 2011 in Texas; the flowback waste samples showed that the/re was 1.58 ppm (parts per million) of 1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene Dichloride). Ethylene Dichloride is a carcinogen and has a variety of other negative effects, in addition, the EPA maximum safety level for ethylene dichloride is 0.005 ppm, this shows that flowback waste was over 300 times the safe levels for ethylene dichloride (EPA Ethylene Dichloride, January, 2000). Another dangerous fluid in the fracking fluid is naphthalene, an aromatic hydrocarbon, which is toxic in a high levels as well as a mild carcinogen (EPA Naphthalene, January, 2000). Other toxins or dangerous chemicals are in fracking fluid are: 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (an aromatic hydrocarbon), aldehyde, heavy aromatic petroleum naphtha (a hydrocarbon-petroleum distillate), formaldehyde (a phenolic resin), quaternary ammonium
According to Rumpler, when the industry claims that, “there has never been a single case of groundwater contamination, they mean there is not a verified instance of the fracking fluid traveling up through a mile of bedrock into the water table.” A Duke University Study linked methane in people's drinking water wells to drilling operations near the wells. The University of Colorado published a study claiming that people “living within a half mile of fracking and other gas-drilling operations have an increased risk of health problems, including cancer from benzene emissions.” There is a need for laws and regulations set in place that limit the locations of fracking sites. They need to be away from the public's drinking water and need to follow strict regulations that ensure no chemicals or substances escape the wells and pipes.
From: Mr.Jazayeripour the manager of Mojave Desert community to: The California Environmental Protection Agency Water is one of the necessary sources for organisms to survive in many ways. and did you know that (The United States uses about 346,000 million gallons of fresh water every day. allaboutwater.org-water.facts ) Mojave river, colorado river and underground water are the main sources of water for animals, plants, residential, industrial and agricultural uses. ground-water depletion is primarily causes by sustained groundwater pumping.
In addition, there is sources that say that fracking doesn 't contaminate the groundwater like Lisa Jackson, the director of Environmental Protection Agency who said she is not aware of any proven case that says fracking affects the water.
Farmers began to grow their crops in San Joaquin Valley for more than 100 years. Farms in the valley produce mostly vegetables, fruits, nuts, and dairy and they are the main manufacturers in international markets and major suppliers in the United States (Hanak & Arnold, 2017). Farmers are using polluted groundwater to grow their crops and harming the environment by drying rivers and causing people to get health problems. The reason that there are pesticides in nitrates in groundwater in San Joaquin Valley may be the fact that there is a long history of farming and irrigation and generally permeable sediments (Burow & Dubrowvsky, 2014). The first organization that noticed the growth of nitrates in groundwater is the Regional Aquifier System Analyses Program.
Water pollution has been one of the biggest ecological issues in the United States for many years. Although there are many efforts that are working to improve this ongoing problem, the situation still is the biggest ecological issue facing America. Indiana, one of the most polluted states, houses many heavily polluted rivers, including the Wabash River, White River, Eel River, Eagle Creek, and Patoka. The White River, the most polluted among Indiana’s rivers, runs through the center of Indianapolis. White River pollution is the greatest ecological problem in Indiana because of its detrimental effects on wildlife, drinking water, and the environment.
Canada could benefit from innovative technology to extract this plentiful source of freshwater. Groundwater is another source of water for Canadians. Groundwater is freshwater that exists underground. It fills the gaps between rock, sand, and soil. As you can see in this diagram, it fills the spaces between grains of sand, crevices of igneous rocks, and the holes in rocks such as limestone.
Drinking water sources have been contaminated with explosive methane, as well as other dangerous substances, such as benzene and arsenic, that can cause cancer and other serious illnesses. Toxic chemicals, as well as erosion and runoff from drilling operations, have fouled
If the groundwater seeps into the soil or surface water sources, it can be devastating to the local ecosystem. One such example of this is the Wheal Jane mine in Cornwall.
LITERATURE REVIEW What is water pollution? As the country is becoming more and more populated, the demands for social services have increased significantly. This has led to an increase of the pollution in many developing towns such as Ga-kgapane. The most disturbing and problematic forms of pollution in Ga-kgapane is the pollution of the natural streams. Water pollution is when there is a build of one or more substances in water to such an extent that it causes problems for animals or plants.
Water is the most important component found on the surface of the earth because it is source of life for living creatures. However, water pollution has become a global concern. Water pollution can have several forms from diverse sources. It is expected that there will be a lack of clean water in next few decades due to pollution. Nile river water in Egypt is the focus of attention of many studies due to many reasons.