Essay On Groundwater Resources

Groundwater is a vital element to sustain life and the rapid growth of population, urbanization and agricultural activities leading to depletion in groundwater level and deterioration in its quality due to geo-genic and anthropogenic activities (CGWB, 2011; Chopra and Krishan, 2014a, b; Krishan and Chopra, 2014; Krishan et al. 2013a,b; 2014a, b, c, d; Lapworth et al. 2014a, b; Lohani and Krishan, 2015; MacDonald et al., 2013, 2014; Rao et al. 2014).Water is not only essential for the lives of animals and plants, but also occupies a unique position in industries. Groundwater is an important source of water supply throughout the world. Groundwater occurs almost everywhere beneath the earth surface not in a single widespread aquifer but in thousands

Groundwater resources are affected in principle by three major activities. First of these activities is excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural areas. The second one is untreated/partially treated wastewater to the environment. Finally, excessive pumping and improper management of aquifers result. The activity of solid waste disposal in open un-engineered landfill is the one of the factor that cause the ground water pollution due to lack of pollution control interventions such as water proof layer, leachate treatment pond, monitoring wells etc. (Mohamad et al., 2007). Groundwater pollution also occurs due to clandestine disposal of toxic wastes, especially from industrial sites, or undetected leakage from pipes, waste storage containers, or underground tanks. According to WHO organization, about 80% of all the diseases in human beings are caused by water. Once the groundwater is contaminated, its restoration to actual condition requires prolonged time and decontamination is not possible by just stopping the ingress of pollutants from the