Heat Transfer Temperature Experiment

The extractors with the flasks will be placed on a heating mantle. Once the solvent boils the solvent vapor will travel up the distillation arm. When it condenses, it will drop on the solid substance contained in a thimble and extract the soluble compounds. When the liquid level fills the body of the extractor, it will automatically siphon into the flask. This process will continue repeatedly as the solvent in the flask is vaporized and condensed.

In the secondary evaporator, the feed seawater 2 was heated up by the mixed steam from the steam ejector, where its temperature is raised from Tf to the evaporating temperature, Ts. The secondary steam from the secondary evaporator splits into two portions: the first part is condensed in the condenser, while the rest is entrained by the steam ejector, where it is compressed by primary steam to raise the pressure and temperature and then it is introduced into the secondary evaporator as the heat source and is completely condensed into liquid. A known mass of fresh water (Mp + Ms) is

In this experiment, the behaviour of water during boiling process is observed. When water is heated to boiling temperature at constant volume, different regimes are observed until it reaches to saturation pressure. If the pressure is above 1.013 bar, the water is supersaturated. The pressure at which boiling occurs is known as saturation pressure. The standard conditions at which water boiling take place are 100C and 1.013 bar.

Using the aforementioned experimental setup as shown in Fig. 1, three ejectors as shown in Fig. 2 were investigated to determine the effects of the operation temperatures, nozzle exit position, and the diameter of the constant area section, dcas, on the working performance of the steam ejector powered by extra low-temperature heat source. In this investigation, the working performance of the steam ejector mainly includes system COP, cooling capacity and critical condensing temperature [40], Tc*. For the test, the generating temperature, Tg, ranged from 40 °C to 70 °C, and the evaporating temperature, Te, was set at 10 °C and 15 °C, respectively.

Place the test tube of benzoic acid/lauric acid in the 60℃ water on the hot plate and when the solid solution begins to melt place the thermometer that was in the water into the test tube. Continue to heat the solution until it reaches about 55℃. Using the test tube holder, transfer the liquefied solution tube to the 25℃ water and record the temperature at 30-second intervals using a clock or stopwatch using a pencil until the solution reaches 35℃ or close to the temperature due to experimental error. While cooling, gently stir the solution using the thermometer until the solution begins to solidify. Once all the data is collected, reheat the solid solution tube in the warm water until it melts and remove the thermometer and wipe it off to avoid the solution adhering to the thermometer.

Figure 55 demonstrates the variation of the in-cylinder peak pressure with load for six different types of fuel. As it can be observed, the peak pressure increases with increasing the engine load. The reason behind that is that the mass flow rate of air is kept constant when the engine speed is steady ( =1700 rpm in this case) ,however the amount of fuel injected is increasing , thus the rate of mixing between air and fuel is lower which delays the ignition period

As such, in the low temperature of α phase, the structural properties will incline towards the values observed for high temperature in β phase of FePO4. As the temperature increases, the tetrahedral form is being distorted by vibrations where the cell parameters and volume of α phase increases in a non-linear manner, it causes the change in angle and length of bond of the FePO4 structure. As the α-β phase transition reaches the temperature of 980K, the tetrahedral angle decreases and the FE-O-P bridging angles increases. The main influence to the thermal expansion of FePO4 is known as angular variation where there is change between the two symmetrically-independent intertetrahedral bridging angles and its tilt angles. Thus, in relevance to temperature dependence on thermal expansion, the temperature is indirectly dependent on the angular variations of its bridging angles and tilt angles.

The piston would then create a low pressure area below the throttle. concentrated at the edge of the throttle valve as the air passes the idle port Engine idle speed is set by two different adjustments. The amount of fuel is adjusted by the mixture adjustment screw at the idle port. The amount of air is adjusted by changing the throttle stop screw. Second-stage idling starts as the throttle valve opens.

The primary advantages of a Peltier cooler compared to a vapor-compression refrigerator are its lack of moving parts or circulating liquid, very long life, invulnerability to leaks, small size and flexible shape. Many researchers and companies are trying to develop Peltier coolers that are both cheap and efficient. (See Thermoelectric materials.) 3 | Page Chapter -2: MOTIVATION This project employs to control the temperature of a particular area in which it is employed. Despite of its small size it is a very efficient device and maintains a temperature constant up to 0.1 degree Celsius.

The stereo plug was connected from the sphere to the temperature sensor The hose fitting was then connected to the pressure sensor. The data studio setup button was used to add digital displays for temperature and pressure. A graph of pressure vs. temperature was also added. Three water baths of cold, warm and room temperature water were prepared using the buckets. The sphere was completely submerged in the ice water bath and the data taken with the sensors.