Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Situation Analysis Medication usages have become part of modern time, but drugs are not the only thing that customers can get from them. Many people make trips to their local pharmacies when they have questions. Pharmacists are experts in their field, and they are very knowledgeable about sciences such as chemistry, biology, anatomy, and physiology. They also understand the effects of drugs and what they do inside the body. Customers often come in to ask questions about proper dosage, side effects, duration of use, allergies.
The history of pharmacy consists of the knowledge of the past of the art of pharmacy in order to better prepare the future. It puts together the study of the evolution of medicines and the men,
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The history of pharmacy, which was originally in Esperanto language and translated by Becelaere (1929), started in Egypt; the earliest signs of art, civilization, and culture. Records of Egyptian pharmacy are recorded and preserved in the “Hermetic Books” of Thoth — the god of wisdom, writing, and learning.
Useful information concerning about the ancient pharmacy in Egypt can be found in the papyrus ebers. The papyrus ebers contained a superscription entitled “A Book for the preparation of Medicines for All Parts of the Body.” The prescribed medications for external and internal diseases are accompanied with
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But snakes have been used for worship because of their venom that could be a source of potion or medicine. From there they have been a symbol of Love, Health, Disease, Medicine, Pharmacy, etc. In the Sumer civilization in late 2350-2150 BC, the design with 2 snakes appeared. In Greek mythology 400-200 B.C, statues of Asclepius (God of Medicines), Caduceus (winged staff with two snakes), and Hygeia (God of Health), holding a snake and bowl, were used as emblems for health and medicine. The World Health Organization has used a kind of Caduceus as their official
Healthcare professionals must talk to their patients about possible side-effects of drugs they are taking and make sure they understand what can happen. In doing so, patients may start to understand why something is happening to them and it is a normal side-effect, which can not only lead to trust from the patients to providers, but can lead to the passing of knowledge from one to another which may prevent future
1. Papyrus Ebers This Egyptian artifact is one of the earliest documents related to the practice of pharmacy and list of medications. The Papyrus Ebers actually shared a lot of base routes of administration with modern pharmacy such as ointments, creams, suspensions, tablets, and many other common ways to administer drugs. This document was one of the first large written accounts of early pharmaceutical practice.1 2.
Tales of a Shaman’s Apprentice by Mark J. Plotkin PhD Tales of a Shaman’s Apprentice chronicles the interesting journey of the Harvard graduate and ethnobiologist Mark J. Plotkin as he attempts to record what’s left of the slowly dying art of shamanism and traditional medicine, particularly in the northern part of South Africa. The book does an excellent job of relating important medicinal discoveries to their origins in nature and traditional medicine. In this way, the book cleverly mixes the subject of medicine and history in a way that I believe will be interesting for pharmacy students. Throughout my reading of the book, I enjoyed how it felt as though I as the reader got to go on this journey with him to all these interesting locations
Pharmacies Then & Pharmacies Now Pharmacies are very different than the 1950’s. As time has passed by ever expanding our medical field among others changes. Now & days most of the people that work in some kind of health field, have had their rolls changed. It would be very hard to believe that after all this time our hospitals and medications, and staffs have not evolved. The constant focus on the future is what keeps things changing.
Barry insists that when patients consult with their doctors about the side effect, they are only treated with yet another drug; this is known as a drug “cascade.” She goes on to claim that tens of millions of people suffer each day due to the side effects of drugs. Also, she acknowledges that adverse side effects cause for 4.5 million emergency room and doctor’s office visits per year. Moreover, Barry acknowledges that serious drug reactions are the fourth leading cause of hospital deaths, only topped by stroke, cancer, and heart disease. The facts Barry offers are notable because of the cyclical effect drug use imposes on patients: a patient takes drugs, the patient has side effects which land him or her in the emergency room or hospital, the patient is prescribed new or “better” drugs, the patient continues to have side
Medicine Medicine during the Elizabethan Era was extremely basic. The knowledge most people had about medicine came from their ancestors through many generations. The Elizabethan Era was a time when terrible illnesses such as the Black Plague were killing nearly one-third of the population. The cause of many illnesses during this time was lack of sanitation. Back then, women played a major role in medicine.
Collectively, we urge your support for S3111 and respectfully ask for the bill to be posted for a vote in the Senate Budget Committee. We applaud Senator Gill for the introduction of S3111 and Senator Kean and Beach for signing on as co-sponsors of the bill. S3111 was passed out of the Senate Commerce Committee with unanimous support. We urge the members of the Budget Committee to lend their support for successful passage of S3111.
(Rissmann et al., 2012). Hence, considering the aspect of patient, NMC has picked up a cue as it is used by pharmacists while helping them in advising people in order to buy medications. Thus, this aspect is not strong enough to go into isolation as if it is combined with the charge, which ensures that medication history is taken along with OTC, herbal, POMs, allergies since patients need to explain that these aspects need to explain that which aspect is essential. Hence, assessment of holistic needs of patient looks for the determinants of health. However, patients frequently omit to explain regarding the OTC preps plus the herbal needs, which also needs to explain the usage of contraindicated drugs as it all explains the illegal needs of the
Medicine has slowly evolved over the years each year coming up with new advancements. For many years eastern medicine strived, many cultures believed in many different things but all these beliefs
Philosophically, the importance of the willow tree has come a long way since the Assyrians (4000 BC) and Sumerians (3500 BC), who had seen its medicinal benefits. The first documented use of willow bark as an analgesic was recorded by Hippocrates in 4000 BC. The evolution of the willow tree’s use as a medicinal treatment occurred first with the question of the clinical potential of willow, then the discovery of the structure of salicin, and finally the chemical synthesis of salicylic acid and aspirin. The pharmacological component of willow bark, salicin, was discovered in 1838 by Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist. Piria’s discovery of salicin led to further discoveries of the use of the compound and eventually to the synthesis of aspirin in 1893 by Felix Hoffman.
Communication can be a big factor in medication errors. Miscommunication by the members of the healthcare team can lead to deadly consequences, so orders should be repeated back and verified (Anderson, 2010.) Sometimes
Porter’s five force model. Threat of New entrants (low): Although Walgreens and CVS are the giants in the retail pharmacy industry, there is a plenty of chances to small competitors. Entry into the brick-and-mortar prescription drug business is feasible even on a small scale.
Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs derived from plants and animals. Pharmacology is the study of the effect of drugs on the human body. All three courses are the basis of pharmacy, and that’s why it is necessary to take them all. The other courses may include Oncology, immunizations, organic chemistry, and principles of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry. The last few courses I listed all depend on what program and college you decide to take part
Pharmacology Self Reflections Neida Blondet Frontier Nursing University Prescribing medications to patients is a part of the advanced practice registered nurse’s (ARNP) role. As I started Advanced Pharmacology a few short eleven weeks ago, I did not realize how much more there was to that “simple” task. As I reflect on my journey through Advanced Pharmacology, I will share with you a few important facts about my journey, such as how my expectations of prescribing changed, any ah ha moments I had, what I felt to be the most significant piece of knowledge I acquired and finally what I think about Florida’s approved medication schedule for ARNPs. As I began Advanced Pharmacology, my perception of prescribing medications was that it
In pharmacy practice, there are always multiple solutions for a single problem. Practitioner can suggest on the medication and dosage regimen, yet the final decision should lie on the hand of patient. (Robert J.C. et al., 2012) Most of the time, patient does not understand his/her own medical condition and medication plan, let alone making decision on it. Shared decision making, patient activation and broader patient engagement can significantly improve the treatment outcomes.