Review of the literature
Medium of instruction
Language is at the center of all the teaching and learning activities because it is the main source and medium for transformation of knowledge. Language use to taught and to impart instructions in any sector, subject and at and any level of learning is called Medium of instruction. The medium of instruction is a debatable issue at all levels, especially in the society like Pakistan in which various systems of education are followed.
In Pakistan and other counties of the world prefer English as a medium of instruction so in these countries private and public sectors use English as medium of instruction. As we know English is foreign language and language of science and technology. So, for science subjects in Punjab Province, Pakistan English use as a basic language. For us English is a secondary language so It is
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Consequences of second language
Many research works have been done in this respect globally as well as locally. In most of the researches, the results show that students are having problems with respect to the medium of instruction. More recently findings show the ineffectiveness of using English as the medium of instruction and the drawbacks encountered by the students.
Use of second language had significance negative effects on academic self-concept, academic vocabulary and academic achievement. The recent research will indicate the effects, difficulties with respect of language and its impact on grades of students. Recently conducted study will have important implications in educational sectors. By assessing the effects of change in the medium of instruction, we can design suggestions for the educational institutions and sectors to remove the problems in order to increase academic achievement of the students According to (Marsh, et al,
A Homemade Education is an autobiography by Malcolm X, one of the first black rights activists. Malcolm was on his own from an early age as his father died when he was six and then seven years later, when Malcolm was 13 his mother was placed in a mental institution. For the next few years Malcolm went from foster home to foster home. However, at the age 20, Malcolm was sent to Charleston prison under the charges of breaking and entering, and larceny. At Charleston prison, malcolm met a man named Bimbi.
The language will continue to hurt students and distract them from their learning if measures are not
The most spoken language of course is English but there
The students will develop pride in themselves and their heritage. Thus, the psychological and cognitive aspects involved in learning of two or more languages in an educational setting, the challenges of linguistic planning and the translation of information across languages is what we shall discuss elaborately in subsequent sections. I shall attempt to provide on the one hand an overview of L1 learning, and on the other hand some ways in which this relates to L2 learning in a
C. Analysis In this chapter, I will make critical analysis on the results of the classroom observation with my opinion. 1. Teacher’s Classroom Management a. Managing students to pay attention to the lesson According to Warfield (2016) mentioned that classroom surrounding very affects to student performance.
Teaching methods differ in terms of approach which as observed relate more to procedures which influence inner coherence, produce specific educational effects. The traditional approach embodies two, namely: (a) the didactic method, also called the directive or autocratic style, which is based on logo-centrism and an instructor-centred approach. Its focus is the teacher, who explains the logical and practical aspects of the issue or topic; secondly, (b) the dialectic method. In this approach, students are involved in the learning process and are expected to ask questions; thirdly, (c) The heuristic or research method. This method makes students the protagonists of their learning process, since they must find, guided by the instructor, and through research and experimentation, the solutions to the problems.
Learning style is a way to see how did each one of us learn visual,auditory,reading/writing or kinesthetic learners. Each one of us has different way of learning and understanding. It could be Visual: by seeing the thing that they want to learn , it could be auditory: by listing, or also it could be reading/ writing or Kinesthetic and this by touching and learning how things works. Sometimes we need to teach ourselves and learn from our mistake we make. Each person will need to teach themselve .
“Arts education is critical for helping students develop creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving abilities” (Chernin). The arts can help people succeed. Art is a way that people can express themselves and share their beliefs. Arts in education can help people focus and attend. Fine arts are important because they make a huge impact on kids education, they make an impact on how people pursue their life careers, and it also helps with stress and anxiety.
Digital learning has various effects on the academic performance of the students and this digital learning can help the students to improve their performance in the classroom. Digital learning really makes the students work easier. Because of this, the students may have an advanced knowledge by easily searching their lesson using this technology. With this digital technology, it gives more information to the students to gain more knowledge about their school works. There are lots of technology that were integrated into the classroom that help the students learn with comfort, and that allows the student to gain and recall more information.
1) INTRODUCTION Education is an important thing for all people, especially to students who will grow up and will develop advanced countries. Education is not only to go to school but also education can be obtained everywhere now, for or example, at home. Parents can teach their children. By using the sophisticated technology now, education can also be easily found. Technology is a type of electrical system or digitally generated to facilitate everyone in manual.
Change is occurring in society at a rapid speed. Change may be described as the adoption of an innovation (Carlopio 1998), where the ultimate goal is to improve outcomes through an alteration of practices. The above saying can truly be applied on the modern education system. The society in the twenty first century is increasingly diverse, globalized, and complex and media-saturated. In today’s world of technology, the olden education system with its teacher-centered approach, passive learning, time based, textbook driven, fragmented curriculum, low expectations from the learner does not seem to cater to the learning needs of twenty first century students.
Hence, the students need to occupy themselves with more than one language so that they can be employed by the company, then the company have the chance to overcome the communication problem and achieve their organization’s goal. By learning foreign language, students can improve their intellectual development and have chances to discover other
As we can notice traditional classroom cannot longer satisfy the needs of education in the 21st- century. So we have to make radical changes in order to create the classroom that will motivate students to learn. Teachers today teach using different pedagogical approaches and various instructional methods. According to fact that our educational system is changed with the help of technology the 21st -century classroom should be a productive environment where students can develop the skills they will need in workplace. The modern 21st-century classrooms should encourage students to develop their high order thinking skills.
Fortunately, there are many different kinds of thing that the internet affected education. Making the right match between internet and education is significant to helping best educate people. Internet has changed the way students learn whether in the positive or negative way. Many people still do not know how the internet has affected education. Several reasons why the Internet affects education are that it is easy to research information, online schools, social media and it is easy to plagiarism.
TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS TO TEACH WITHN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION Teaching methods refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used to classroom instruction. The choice to teaching methods depends on what fits educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject area and school mission statement. The teaching theories can be arrangement into four categories and based on two major parameters- a teacher centred approach versus and a student –centred approach, and high tech material use versus low-tech material use. TEACHER-CENTRED APPROACH TO LEARNING Taken to its most extreme interpretation, teachers are the main figure in a teacher-centred instruction model.