How To Reduce Heavy Metal Pollution
Waste water has always been a major threat to the environmental imbalance. Process waste streams from the mining operations, metal plating facilities, paper industries, power generation facilities, electronic device manufacturing units, and tanneries may contain plethora of heavy metals, for example zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury, nickel etc are disposed above the hazardous limit of the local discharge zones. These heavy metals are not biodegradable and pose great threat to human health and environment. Heavy metal pollution is a problem related with areas and zones where intensive industry, road ways, areas of dumpsites and automobiles activities takes place. Usage and their uncontrolled discharge in to the environment has …show more content…
Arsenic contaminations of groundwater in several parts of the world are the results of natural and/or anthropogenic sources, and have a serious impact on human as well as ecological health. About 90 percent of people depends on groundwater as the principle source for potable water containing As contaminants in it . Thus treatment of heavy metals contaminated from water with improved or amalgamation of new technologies and providing safe water to the society is an urgent issue at present[1].Several physico-chemical techniques for removal of heavy metals from water have been developed and established. Current methods used to treat these waste streams include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, flotation, and electrochemical methods[3]. Precipitation has been also used as the conventional treatment method for heavy metals. However, the metal concentration of treated water cannot be reduced below the solubility of precipitate[2]. Ion-exchange can eliminate heavy metal ions effectively and more precisely selectively, but the cost of resin is not economically efficient …show more content…
In order to remove the ions of heavy metals, RO membranes (or at least nanofiltration (NF)) can be used because of the fact that the size of the ions in aqueous solutions. Although, one of the disadvantages of RO membrane separation is that flux of the permeate is limited due to the dense and impenetrable polymeric membranes used , as a result of this the capital and operating costs of the process will be increased
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