Algae have recently received a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production of renewable energy. Some of the main characteristics which set algae apart from other biomass sources are that algae (can) have a high biomass yield per unit of light and area, can have a high oil or starch content, do not require agricultural land, fresh water is not essential and nutrients can be supplied by wastewater and CO2 by combustion gas. A microalga is a class of plants distributed widely in both terrestrial and marine environments. Currently more than 40 different species of microalgae were studied for multiple purposes such as fresh water environmental protection and biomass production content analysis. Because autotrophic microalgae produce …show more content…
Photo bioreactors can have different sizes and shapes: plastic bags, flat panels, tubes, fermenter like and others. Vertical tubes are among the most popular system due to their relatively easy maintenance, low cost and high surface to volume ratio (Suali and Sarbatly, 2012). Among the advantages of using photo bioreactors are resistance to contamination by wild algae strains or herbivores, high productivity per unit area, and the possibility of easily controlling various parameters including pH, temperature, and light intensity. The PBR can be placed indoors or outdoors, using sunlight, artificial light or a mixture of both. An interesting variation of a lighting system is the use of optical fibers to carry the outdoor sunlight into an indoor culture (Chen et al., …show more content…
In fact, the enzyme responsible for CO2 fixation, Rubisco (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase), has a low affinity for CO2 and also functions as an oxidize of 1,5 bisphosphate, interacting with O2. Therefore, O2 is a competitive inhibitor with CO2 and since to the atmospheric concentration of CO2 is much lower than that of O2, , oxygen can have a significant effect. Evolutionarily this problem has been managed by the development of carbon concentration mechanisms (CCM), where the cell locally increases the CO2 concentration around the Rubisco enzyme to ensure its function in CO2 fixation (Giordano et al., 2005). This mechanism is wide spread amongst the algae and illustrates the advantages of raising the CO2 concentration in mass cultures. Indeed, sparging CO2 into the culture medium is known to increase its cellular concentration and two different approaches are frequently reported, the use of CO2 to adjust the pH, and CO2 enrichment as a way to mitigate flue gases (Grobbelaar, 2000; Rodolfi et al., 2009; Yoo et al., 2010; McGinn et al., 2011). Of course any feedstock used in large scale production will play an important role on the final price and CO2 is not an exception. Thus, this type production should optimally be coupled to a bioremediation
According to Harrison Eutrophication is the excessive production of algae and higher plants through the enrichment of waters by nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus in the form of phosphate is the limiting nutrient as the amount of biologically available phosphorus is small in relation to the amount needed for algal growth. Harrison states that sources of nutrients can be discrete, (sewage), or diffuse, (farmland fertilizers).
Since the production of light requires a large amount of energy expenditure, Vibrio fischeri uses quorum sensing to regulate its gene expression after detecting changes in extracellular density[2]. Quorum sensing is used by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium [2]. Lux R and lux I are genes encoding proteins that regulates light production[1].Aliivibrio fischeri also forms a symbiotic relationship with animal hosts[3]. Aliivibrio fischeri utilizes the nutrients provided by its host to emit light that is later used by the host for various purposes[3]. The light emitting reaction of Aliivibrio fischeri is catalyzed by
Introduction: All living organisms require oxygen to grow. Daphnia magna and Lemna minor (also known as Duckweed in its most common form) are no exceptions to this rule. Fertilizer is used to help plants, like Lemna minor grow. Plants give off the oxygen that other organisms, such as Daphnia magna, need. However, over-oxygenated environments can cause excess in the plant life.
The purpose of this lab was to test the effect of pollution on algae growth. Through a series of experiments that lasted a month, four of the six hypotheses were proven to be correct or partially correct. The first hypothesis stated that if 0.5 mL of salt was added to algae, then the algae would grow slower than the positive control. This was proven correct, as shown by the difference of the data from the positive control and the container with 0.5 mL of salt in it.
Quinn Nguyen Floating Leaf Disk Photosynthesis Lab Conclusion: Graph your results for all 3 trials on one graph. Label the graph, both axes, and provide a legend to distinguish each trial. What was the rate of photosynthesis for each variable? How many leaves floated per minute? Rate of photosynthesis (leaves/min) Spinach: (2-0)/25 = 0.08
Because carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plant during photosynthesis less carbon dioxide present in the chamber is a sign that photosynthesis is working. The four lights used for this experiment range across the light spectrum on both sides in order to test a wider variety of wavelengths. All lights will be placed directly on the spinach leaf at the same distance so as not to give any spinach leaf a different light intensity, which could affect the data. This experiment will be able to show which light, ranging across the light spectrum, will allow the Spinach to perform photosynthesis more efficiently.
While CO2 is produced, the amount of CO2 produced is different depending on the organisms, in this case crayfish. To test the changes in pH, NaOH is used to neutralize the carbonic acid produced by the crayfish, by which the
LABORATORY REPORT EXERCISE #5 INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE, PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Name_______________________________Section_____Teacher______________Date________ PRE-LAB QUESTIONS - answer the following questions using your textbook and valid internet sources. Be sure to cite your sources at the end of the prelab. You can type your answers to all questions except #1 and #9 directly into this document and then submit via Canvas. Type the answers for #1 and #9 at the end of the document. 1.
Therefore, Green bacteria overcome low light conditions by absorbing light at longer wavelengths since longer wavelengths can penetrate further into the deep water. What are
There, the algae in the water will use these substances to grow rapidly, and there will eventually be a high concentration of algae in the water. When the algae eventually dies, it is broken down by bacteria, which multiply and use up all of the oxygen
These findings show that the null hypothesis is rejected, and that there is a major difference between the observed and expected values. It is also observed that in the data in Figure 1.1, as the concentration of the NaHCO3 increases, the greater the production of oxygen. The highest photosynthetic rate is in at a 1.0% concentration of NaHCO3and the lowest in at a 0.1% concentration of NaHCO3. It is also important to note that the 0.4% concentration of NaHCO3 had a greater oxygen production than the 0.6% concentration of NaHCO3.
After the crops are subjected to over-fertilization, much of the fertilizer used is washed away by rain and turns into runoff. This runoff collects over time in a large body of water, allowing for a boom in algae growth. The dense abundance of algae covers the surface of the body of water making it impossible for sunlight to reach the plants under this covering. Consequently, the oxygen levels in the water are exhausted and the plants below the algae die, the nutrients eventually run out and the algae dies as well. In the end, all the life in the body of water dies.
Red tides Red tide is a generic term for harmful algal bloom or HAB. Red tides occur as a result of explosion of algae population such as dinoflagellates. The expansive population concentrates along the water column and cluster in one area of the ocean, this results in the change of color of the surface water. Red tides occur along coastal areas.
Intro. Day after day we harm the environment and we don’t even know we are doing it. By creating new technology, paper, waste products, and new chemicals we advance through with a consequence. The consequence of pollution. Pollution harms the environment thinning the ozone layer.
Ever since the industrial revolution commenced, around one third of the carbon dioxide released by human interference has been absorbed by the ocean, which is one of the reasons of the drastic change in climate as well. Without the ocean absorbing carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide n the atmosphere would be drastically higher, with possibly increasing the levels of climate change. The point of the research is to see how will the pH affect the organisms in the marine ecosystem and does carbonation affect an organism’s mass and form. Many organisms that are part of the marine food chain are going to be affected by ocean acidification due the levels of acidity deteriorating the calcium carbonate within the animal. It turns out