Essay On Microorganisms

Agriculture is one of the earliest profitable sector for the mankind, which depends majorly on fertile soil and stable environmental conditions. It has great impact on the ecological balance, biological diversity, water as well as soil quality, etc. As discussed earlier, microbes plays essential role in agriculture in terms of raising agri-buisiness significantly. Involvement of microbes in agriculture can be defined as integral part of agriculture (Russo et al. 2012). The microorganisms lives in the vicinity of plant roots are generally known as rhizobacteria (in ancient Greek: rhizome menas roots). These microorganisms have various potentials such as atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of antibiotic, secondary

Also plants play unique role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance of the planet and shares our heritage. Since ancient time, human health has given special attention and can reflects from advancements in medical diagnostics and treatments for human illnesses (Döring et al. 2012). Due to unavailability of defined health parameters, it is difficult to describe plant health, hence absence of disease may consider as plant with good health in simple way. However, Schlosser (1997) described that a plant can be considered as healthy as long as its physiological performance, which is determined by its genetic potential and environmental conditions, is maintained. The beneficial microbes present in the rhizosphere secreats plant growth promoting subtrates and confer plant protection from plant pathogens, ultimately results good plant growth and

al. Nielsen et. al. 2002). It facilitates base for all plants as well as habitat for soil microbes and various insects. Soil health is considered as an ability of soil to be productive in terms of plant growth and yield. It is generally based on interaction of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, which has direct effect on plant health and maintains environmental quality. The balance and stability of these health parameters keep soil health good. However it is sometime considered that the soil health is depends on biological activities held in the soil. There are few controversies about role of soil in plant growth and yield, as few belifs on its direct effect on plant growth and yield, while rest consider that it mere provide physical support and the growth and yield are the result of non-soil components, such as fertilizer and pesticide. Soil organisms contributes significantly in soil health through various ways such as, humus formation, decomposing dead plant and animal residues, enrichment of soil organic matter, etc. They produces carbon dioxide in soil to be dissolved in water and further converted in carbolic acid, which breakdowns insoluble rock minerals (Edwards et al. nd.). These soil microbes convert organic nutrients to minerals and make ease to uptake by plant roots. They produces extra-cellular