2.3 Migration processes during the Soviet era.
In the social and evolutionary context, the 20th century on the territory of the former USSR passed under the sign of urbanization and industrialization, on the one hand, and social and political cataclysms, on the other. The first factors determined the strategic direction of modernization, the latter - its concrete embodiment. Together they were the main coordinates that determined the movements of the population. At the same time course of urbanization set some vectors of the movement, and the changing social systems and various shocks - its character (voluntary or forced, organized or independent, etc.) and proportions. The third important coordinate of migration is differences in the initial
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The dissolution of the Soviet Union marked the new period — the period of independent Kyrgyzstan. For the first time in history, the Kyrgyz enjoyed their independent and sovereign state. The attributes of a national state such as national flag, emblem and anthem were adopted. In 1993, the first Constitution of Kyrgyzstan was passed by the parliament. However, soon the euphoria of the first years of independence had gone. The standard of living declined and mass-scale unemployment surfaced. The newly established independent republic had faced a deep political, economic and social crisis.
Kyrgyzstan was not any more referred as an “island of democracy” but an “island of instability” in Central Asia. The revolutions of 2005 and 2010 resulted in the overthrow of two presidents. The 2010 revolution brought to more than 80 victims and provoked the 2010 interethnic conflict in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The recent development in Kyrgyzstan has been characterized by political stabilization. As a result of the 2010 referendum, the state switched from a presidential to a parliamentary system. In 2012, a peaceful transition of power from a president to another took place.
Akaev’s
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The coup failed. Akayev announced his resignation from the Communist Party and banned it for a while. On August 31, 1991, the Supreme Soviet proclaimed the independence of Kyrgyzstan by passing the Declaration on the State Independence of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan was adopted. On December 21, 1991, Akayev along with the presidents of other 10 newly independent states signed the agreement in Almaty city on the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) that eventually put an end to the Soviet Union . On May 5, 1993, the draft of the new Constitution was passed by the parliament. It took two years since 1991 before it was finally approved. The Constitution declared:
• Kyrgyzstan is a sovereign unitary democratic republic built on the basis of legal secular state;
• Sovereignty is extended to the whole territory of Kyrgyzstan;
• The people of Kyrgyzstan is the only source of state power;
• The people exercise its power through the system of state agencies on the basis of the Constitution.
According to the constitution, the state power was divided into three branches: executive, legislative and
September 17, 1787, the new founded Constitution was approved by the convention and was ready to be sent to each of the states for ratification. It was time vote on the new formed constitution, and each state had an equal number of votes. The voting results came back with thirty-nine out of fifty-five delegates approved of the new constitution, which was barely enough to win. The Untied States finally had a constitution and a strong national
The United States’s Constitution has been this country’s constitution for two-hundred and thirty years on September 17. Before the Constitution there were the Articles of Confederation. This form of government that the states had, wasn’t working. The states were divided and Britain controlled their trade, making it impossible for them to get the products they needed for the price they arranged for. They needed a new form of government so that their new country could survive.
Political instability is caused by corrupt politicians who only care about lining their own pockets rather than taking care of those who live in their country. When the citizens are not taken care of they tend to come together and try to over throe the government for the change they want. If the change doesn’t come the civilians can use violence to over throw the government which can lead to a civil war between the “rebels” and the
A year after America declared independence on July 4, 1776 congress had drafted the Articles on March 1, 1781 they ratified America’s first written constitution, The Articles of Confederation. The Confederation was still facing economic, political, and diplomatic problems. A group of men called the Nationalist decided to step in. They believed in stronger government to protect America’s interest and decided to meet in George Washington home back in Philadelphia.
The Constitution of the Republic of Texas was the supreme law of Texas from 1836 to 1845. On March 2, 1836, Texas declared itself an independent republic due to a lack of support from the U.S. in their revolutionary movement. The citizens of Texas approved an annexation ordinance and a new constitution on October 13, 1845. On December 29, 1845, the U.S. admitted the State of Texas to the Union. After the Texas voters ratified secession from the Union on February 23, 1861, the Secession Convention reconvened.
After America’s victory in the Revolutionary War, the people were very fearful of being under another strong national government. So in order to secure a weak central government, the Congress of 1777 created the Articles of Confederation. Unfortunately, the Articles worked too well by creating a weak central government. This led the nation into chaos, which forced states’ hand by revising their government. After the Articles of Confederation, America gained the United States Constitution, which is the government we are under today.
After the United States declared independence from Great Britain. The Article of Confederation and Perpetual Union was the first constitution of the United States. After a year of reflection, it was submitted to the states for ratification in 1777. It was not approved until 1781. After weak years with the Article of Confederation, in 1789 the Constitution was adopted.
Throughout African American History, there have been many migration concerning African Americans. From the Middle Passage, all the way to the Modern Migration that is happening right now. African Americans have been moved from where their African roots lies, to being moved all over the United States. These movements have done a great deal to African American History, as they have affected the customs that African Americans have practiced over time. These movements have been great in their own right, and the greatest one of all of them is the Great Migration.
American Urbanization started like a wildfire and it spread so rapidly that facilities and institutions in society could not keep up. From 1850 to 1900 America completely changed from its agricultural state into a new industry based society. The four paramount changes that occured during America’s urbanization period were new immigration, the build up of cities (skyscrapers and mass transit), living conditions, and boss rule and the rise of mass consumption. Even though the changes during urbanization did not come easily due to immense diversity, they still paved the way to modern day America.
In 1776 the Continental Congress called upon the colonies to draft new constitutions. The Continental Congress practically asked for colonies to summon themselves into being as new states. According to the theory of republicanism the state 's sovereignty would lie on the authority of the people. The documents the states drafted were contracts that defined the powers of government, as did the old colonial charters, but these new contracts drew their authority form the people, not from the royal seal of the king of Britain. The documents were mean to represent a fundamental law, above to the normal unexplained changes of mind of the ordinary legislations.
Comparing these two forms of government, both, have federal constitutions. The last previously drafted constitution for the Russian government was in 1993, then, amended in 2008. The U.S. Constitution, was last drafted in 1787, and submitted for states ' ratification in September of 1787. In both nations’ executive branch, they hold elections for the presidency. Also, governments are cabinet appointed by the president.
Pain tries to show that this type of relationship between the people and its government is not a healthy one, and it
Kingsley Davis, who is said to have pioneered the study of historical urban demography wrote his “The Urbanization of the Human population” in 1965. In his essay, he states that the history of the world is in fact the history of urbanization and then begins with description of how tiny European settlements grew slowly through the Middle Ages and the early modern period. According to him, urbanization occurred mainly because of rural-urban migration and not the other factors that people believe. He discusses how the production levels of this time period, due to the feudal system, used to favor an agrarian culture and then how the process of urbanization intensified during the 1900s, especially in Great Britain. He then clarifies the difference between urbanization, which he describes as the process of a society becoming more urban-focused, and the growth of cities i.e. the expansion of their boundaries.
The branches of government are: (a) The Legislature: makes the law (The People’s Majlis –Article 5 and Article 70(a)) (b) The Executive: implements the law (The President and the independent commissions –Article 6- ) (c) The
Critical analysis of push and pull factors of migration and with Also gendered migration Throughout human history migration has been part of human life. People have migrated between and within countries. With a compression of space and time by the process of globalization migration has escalated. The inequality and uneven economic development between and within countries has forced people from developing countries to developed countries and also from rural to urban areas. Lee (1966) introduced the concepts of push and pull factors as the determinants of migration.