Multiplexing: Multiplex or multiplexing can be defined as combination of two or more signals (analog or digital) into one. Multiplexing means combining multiple streams of information for transmission over a shared medium. Multiplexing is sending more than one signal on a carrier. In some sense, Multiplexing and Demultiplexing is just a special case of the truth tables. Optical multiplexing allows for sending multiple signals through a single medium as well as for bidirectional use of that medium. Device used for this purpose is called multiplexer. Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
Based on Frequency-Division Multiplexing of radio waves. Multiplexers are also called Data Selectors. For example, telecommunication signals, Telephone signals etc.
Types of Multiplexing: Four basic multiplexing with set of
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An example of 1-to-4 demultiplexer is IC 74155.
• 1-4 Demultiplexing (2 select lines):
• 1-8 Demultiplexing (3 select lines)
• 1-16 Demultiplexing (4 select lines)
Applications of Demultiplexing:
• It is used in connecting a single source into multiple destinations.
• MUX and DeMux both are used in communication systems for the process of carrying out data transmission.
• The coming from serial stream data is reconstruction into parallel data by the help of demultiplexers.
• Demultiplexer is used to connect a single source to multiple destinations. The main application area of demultiplexer is communication system where multiplexer are used. Most of the communication system are bidirectional i.e. they function in both ways (transmitting and receiving signals).
• Communication system use multiplexer to carry multiple data like audio, video and other form of data using a single line for transmission.
• In an ALU circuit, the output of ALU can be stored in multiple registers or storage units with the help of
Existing basic unit is shown in fig.2.1. As shown in fig.2.1, the basic unit consist of three dc voltage sources and five unidirectional power switches. In this structure, power switches (S_2,S_4),(S_1,S_3, S_4, S_5), and (S_1,S_2,S_3, S_5) should not be simultaneously turned on in order to protect the dc voltage sources from the short circuit. Table 2.1 shows the existing basic unit power switches turn on and off states, where the basic unit is able to generate three different voltage levels at the output that is 0, V_1+V_3, and V_1+V_2+V_3. It is important to note that the basic unit is only able to generate positive levels at the output.
The transmitter consist of a DSP logic board that is capable of digitizing analog inputs and multiplexing them over a common pair of wires. Multiple analog signals will be converted to digital signals and multiplexed, in order to be sent through a pair of wires to the receivers. Along the same pair of wires, the transmitter will send enough dc voltage to power up the receivers and the speakers. The receivers will consist of a DSP logic board which will demultiplex the signal, filter the signal, and convert the signal from digital to analog. The receiver will demultiplex the signal coming from the transmitter, and filter the input to retrieve the corresponding audio signal.
In telecommunications, RS-232 is the traditional name for a series of standards for serial binary single-ended data and control signals connecting between a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) and a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). It is use to connect the computer serial port to the electronics component like data storage, printers, mice, un-interruptible power supplies, and other peripheral devices. The standard defines the meaning of signals, the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, and pin out of connectors and the physical size. Figure 4.17: RS232 4.14 Motor
In Ethernet data is send in form of packages, to control
Answer 22: There are two options of either counting the data or the bytes while numbering the sequences of data. Answer 23: Error correction is option when the transmitted data contains redundant information, there are huge delays in transmitting the data or there is special need for
x x Physical Design x This underlines the importance of the instruction set architecture. There are two prevalent
There are three possible ways in which data is transferred: • Server Server: Used for fast, large-volume communications between servers • Server Storage: This is the default with storage devices. The advantage is that the same storage device may be accessed serially or concurrently by multiple servers. • Storage Storage: Enables data to be moved without server intervention, thereby freeing up server processor cycles for other activities like application processing. Examples include a disk device backing up its data, to a tape device without server intervention, or remote device mirroring across the SAN.
This component is when you transmit any file from one computer to another computer, this is usually a much larger file. Most of the webs users would explain this simply as sending it to another computer that is set up to receive it or to send it up onto the internet where several people will be able to access it from their own computers. For example, YouTubers upload their videos on to the YouTube
The second is storage the fees of a memory process referring to the retention of information. The third phase is the retrieval the process
3.1.1 Dual Clock In this technique it is assumed that delay misses rarely happens, then circuit schedules are designed using minimal delays for critical paths. Pair of alternate clocks, fast and slow, is used. The system normally operates at the fast clock however, when an error is noticed, computation for the input values which is causing error is restarted at the slower clock. Under the premise that delay errors occur for small number of input values, the system can switch back to the faster clock on the next input value.
Software routines will handle traffic that is coming in from different sources and that will choose where it will end up. Towards the end it will work out where it need to go and which devices will take the data. Also devices and software such as for interface card for the device driver. This is allowing the data to handle incoming packets from various locations and it select the last place it travels to. Error handling and diagnostics is when a device is allowed to access a network layer locally.
The two key topics in class in the last weeks, for me. Two of the most relevant topics developed in the last weeks were: non-verbal communication and the barriers to communication. Everytime we communicate with another person or group of people, we have to take into account some factors other than what we are actually saying that can affect how the message is going to be received: body language, tone, intonation, facial expressions, and others; this is what we understand for non-verbal communication. As we saw in class “55% of communication is body language, 38% is the tone of voice, and 7% is the actual words spoken.”
In society today, communication classes are highly over looked because of our new developing technology. People don’t realize how much a communication class could benefit them. We have lost sight of verbal communication skills. This class has taught me to put my phone down and communicate with others. It has opened my eyes to the real world without technology.
The world we live in today is predominately changing with the advancement of digital communication in the daily aspects of our life. The rapid growth and evolution of digital communication, has resulted in it now becoming the backbone of the way we interact with other people. Beginning from simple 160-character SMS messages to text’s influence on the internet including Facebook, Twitter, Blogs and Instagram and then introduced on our mobile phones with BBM and whatsapp; digital communication has become a part of our spoken discourse. Digital communication in every aspect has impacted our lives as it helps jobs and businesses communicate a lot faster through e-mail, multimedia and texting.