NATURAL POLYMERS
Naturally occurring polymers in the environment are called natural polymers. Some examples of natural polymers are,
• Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA
• proteins
• Polysaccharides :cellulose, starch
• collagen
• silk
• cotton
• wool
• natural rubber
Cellulose is the most abundant polymer, natural or synthetic, on the earth.
Applications of natural polymers
1. Cellulose
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth since it can be found in cell walls of plants. Applications of cellulose are gone way back to Chinese dynasties where writing materials were invented.
Sources of cellulose:
Wood, cotton, hemp, linen, jute, sugar beet, cereal straws
Bacteria types such as Asetobactor, algae, marine animals of Ascite family are
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Starch glues are mostly based on unmodified native starches, plus some additive such as borax and caustic soda. Part of the starch is gelatinized to carry the slurry of uncooked starches and prevent sedimentation.
• Clothing or laundry starch is a liquid that is prepared by mixing a vegetable starch in water (earlier preparations also had to be boiled), and is used in the laundering of clothes. Aside from the smooth, crisp edges it gave to clothing, it served practical purposes as well. Dirt and sweat from a person's neck and wrists would stick to the starch rather than to the fibers of the clothing, and would easily wash away along with the starch. After each laundering, the starch would be reapplied.
• Another large non-food starch application is in the construction industry, where starch is used in the gypsum wall board manufacturing process.
• Starch is used in the manufacture of various adhesives or glues for book-binding, wallpaper adhesives, paper sack production, tube winding, gummed paper, envelope adhesives, school glues and bottle labeling. Starch derivatives, such as yellow dextrins, can be modified by addition of some chemicals to form hard glue for paper
LickBase Norte Chico is a civilization that is found in Peru near the coasts (1). This civilization flourished between 13 B.C.E and 18 B.C.E (1). This site is believed to be one of the oldest sites in the Americas, showing types of sophistication, fishermen and farmers (2). The people of the Norte Chico mostly got their food from farming and fishing (2).
The iodine turned a dark blue almost purple color when it was combined with starch. I tested iodine on a piece of cut potato and once in contact it turned a dark blue-purple color therefore stating starch was present. I also placed starch on a piece of paper, when it cam in contact the iodine just ran but did not change color. Lastly I tested the starch on a piece of white bread. Immediately it absorbed the iodine but did not change color therefore there was not starch.
Objective: To determine how think a piece of aluminum foil and how many atoms are stacked up to make that thickness of the foil. Introduction: To be able to complete the experiment one must understand the basis of the period table such as the location of the elements and deciphering from a metal and a non-metal, as well as identifying the atomic mass and atomic number of an element. One must have knowledge of the mathematics of destiny which is defined as mass dived by volume to perform a dimensional analysis. Dimensional analysis is a problem-solving method that uses the concept that any number or expression can be multiplied by one without changing its value and converting information into the correct annotation. From the handout it states that, “approximately 2.7 million hydrogen
Cotton and linen fibers are cellulose-based. Wool and silk are both animal-protein-based natural fibers. Wool is made from the hair of sheep, and silk is made from silkworm cocoons. Some dyes react best with cellulose-based fibers, forming permanent covalent chemical bonds with cellulose, while others react better with protein-based fibers. In addition, some synthetic fibers are chemically similar to certain natural fibers, this affects which dyes react best with the different synthetic
The most popular one was the cotton rug. The cotton rug is used in many households across America. Carver also used cotton products to create paper cordage. Paper cordage is use a cord like material made out of paper (Dixon).
Nonpoint source pollution is generally from land runoff. NPS pollution is caused from rainfall or snow melting and moving over the ground. As the run-off moves over the ground, it picks up and carries away natural and human made pollutants. These pollutants end up being deposited into lakes,rivers,wetlands,oceans and ground waters. Some examples of NPS pollution are excess fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides.
Preface In the Middle Ages, there was a definite structure in society. You born into a class of people, and you stayed in that class for your whole life. Hard working changes nothing to your status. Your clothing, food, marriage, homes, etc., were all determined for you.
Each brand must be positioned for its target segment and a single P&G brand cannot have one positioning for all of P&G’s segments. P&G implements multiple sales strategy that means one similar product may have a different brand. This implement may attract more consumers to buy its products. And this essay will introduce the background of P&G. Furthermore, will have some analysis of its situations such as PEST and SWOT analysis.
Nail polish is nice on your fingers and toes, but there are several other uses that might help make your life a little easier. 1. Waterproof your labels. Use clear polish as a coating to prevent ink from ruining labels. 2. Stop!
You can get the goo on your clothes if you are making it or the children can get goo on their clothes that will be hard to wash even with a super powerful detergent. 2. Cornstarch can be sometimes be full of lumps even before you opened the container so it is better not to use one that is not fully an even powder. 3. Only the consumable goo can be eaten by children while playing.
Analysis Conclusion Based of the data collected from the experiments, cornstarch was identified as the unknown powder in the black bag. Cornstarch shares similar chemical properties compared to the unknown powder. They both have a pH of 7, contain starch, but not carbonate, and react with the flame to create a temporary bright orange. Even so, powdered sugar also has the same chemical properties. However, when the powders were viewed in the Scanning Electron Microscope, the powdered sugar grains looked nothing like that of the unknown sample.
It can be said that both synthetic and natural fibres has a negative effect on both the earth and the economy. What influence does natural fibres have on the economy and natural environment. Natural fibres are fibres that are derived from plants, example cotton. Synthetic fibres are fibres are fibre created from natural materials or by chemical processes. With natural fibres are greatly broadened substances produced by plants and animals that can be made into filaments, thread or rope.
“Save the planet!” “Stop pollution!” “Go green!” These popular slogans bring to mind images of protesters chanting and waving signs. These people are clearly worried about the state the world is in and want the rest of us to make a change.
When choosing the type of chemicals and products to use on your hair, it is of paramount importance to consider the type of your hair. We have different hair types and they all require totally different hair products and care. Some people have fine thin hair while other has thick hair. Others have curly hair while others have straight hair. Therefore you should always analyze the hair product that you are targeting to buy for use on your hair according to what is best for the type of hair that you have.
In most foods, microbial contaminations occur predominantly at the surface, meaning using edible films such as chitosan allows minimal space between the foods’ surface and its’ environment. However, the coating has weak mechanical properties, and is permeable for gas and water vapour. Blending chitosan with starch improves its mechanical properties and allows a better novel food preservative. ADVANTAGES: - As chitosan is the second most abundant carbohydrate after cellulose, it’s not unusual that its waste exceeds 25bn tonnes per year.