1. INTRODUCTION Oral administration is the most popular route for systemic effects due to its ease of ingestion, pain avoidance, versatility (to accommodate various types of drugs), and most importantly patient compliance. Also, solid oral delivery systems do not require sterile conditions and are, therefore less expensive to manufacture. Expect in case of insulin therapy, the parenteral route is not routinely used for self-administration of medication. The topical route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects. The parenteral route of administration is important in treating medical emergencies in which a subject is comatose or cannot swallow. Nevertheless, it is probable …show more content…
Tablets are solid masses made by the compaction of suitably prepared medicament by means of a tablet machine. Although it is possible official tablets in a wide range of shapes, official tablets are defined as circular discs with either flat or convex faces.2 What is fast dissolving tablets? A fast-dissolving tablet, in most cases, is a tablet that dissolves or disintegrates in the oral cavity without the need for water or chewing. Most fast-dissolving delivery system films must include substances to mask the taste of the active ingredient. This masked active ingredient is then swallowed by the patient’s saliva along with the soluble and insoluble excipients. Recent developments in technology have presented viable dosage alternatives for patients who may have difficulty swallowing tablets or liquids. Traditional tablets and capsules administered with an 8-oz. glass of water may be inconvenient or impractical for some patients. For example, a very elderly patient may not be able to swallow a daily dose of antidepressant. An eight-year-old with allergies could use a more convenient dosage form than antihistamine syrup. A schizophrenic patient in the institutional setting can hide a conventional tablet under his or her tongue to avoid their daily dose of an atypical antipsychotic. A middle-aged woman undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer may be too nauseous to swallow her H2-blocker. Fast-dissolving/disintegrating tablets (FDDTs) are a perfect fit for all of these
Metformin has a relatively short biological half-life of around 5-7 hours. Steady levels of metformin are required for a sustained suppression of glucagon release and insulin sensitization. This warrant multiple doses of metformin everyday for a patient each with a strength of at least 500mg. Majority of the patients being treated for the type 2 diabetes also take metformin in conjugation with some other therapeutic such as sulfonylureas or DPP-4 inhibitors. Hence, formulating an extended release dosage form of metformin along with a DPP-4
This research paper is about is there enough carbon dioxide in alka seltzer tablets to inflate a balloon. First, what is carbon dioxide? Carbon dioxide is what plants need to grow, it’s what humans exhale, and it’s a powerful gas. Carbon dioxide is also found in volcanoes like Mauna Loa, a volcano found in Hawaii. Air samples at Mauna Loa are collected every day, four times a day.
The purpose of this experiment was to understand the pharmacokinetics of the drug acetaminophen within the body, specifically focusing on its partition coefficient, drug protein interaction and its bioavailability through various form of administration. The bioavailability of the drug was determined to be 100% for IV because the drug is injected directly into the systemic circulation in its active form and this is also visible on Figure 4, where the initial concentration of drug is much higher than in PO and IP. For PO and IP administration, the bioavailability was determined to be 72.6% and 39.1%, respectively. This makes sense because both of these type of administration involve the first-pass effect where a portion of the drug is metabolized by peripheral organs, especially the liver in this case, and therefore the amount of active drug reaching the circulation is less. PO administration, however has a much higher content reaching the circulation than IP, because the IP route involves passing through the whole gastrointestinal tract before being absorbed in the liver while the IP route injects the drug into the
highlighted that in United States, the dose dumping in general and alcohol induced dose dumping in particular is considered as a serious concern for orally administered prolonged release dosage forms (3). Subjuct to the therapeutic
As the solvent is drawn through the capillary action, the molecules contact the paper and then separate. For each spot, the retention factor (RF), which is equal to the distance the spot traveled divided by the distance the solvent front traveled, was calculated and used to determine the identity of the unknown compound. The unknown substance will either contain Advil, Anacin, Aspirin, BC Powder, Excedrin, Excedrin Tension Headache, or Tylenol. Each drug consists of a mixture of 1-3 compounds. In order to confirm the unknown substance, a melting point apparatus would be used to determine the identification and purity of the unknown substance.
With type 1 diabetes checking blood sugar and giving insulin injections is going to become a part of the patient’s daily routine so it is imperative that they properly know how to do this. Side effects are always a big concern when giving medication and it is important that the patient knows what is expected and what is not expected from a medication so that they can come in to see a doctor is any adverse symptoms arise with taking the Insulin for type diabetes or Bactrim for urinary tract infection. It is also important that the patient knows what foods are going to help or hurt them with type 1 diabetes. Lastly, it would be important to address the patients concern about if they will be able to run cross-country because this is something that is important to them (Gentile, 2011,
Even though they go through extensive training to administer medications, everyone can make mistakes. These mistakes do not always harm the patient but some mistakes can cause severe consequences. The goal is to improve methods of medication administration to make it safer for the patients. However, not all improvements are good improvements. With the implementation of electronic charting and prescribing, there has not been much of a noticeable change in the amount of medication errors but there also has not been a significant increase in errors (Jheeta & Frankline, 2017, p. 6).
Poop pills have to be made freshly so they don't dissolve in time. The diseases that these kill can kill 14 million
Using a pump would allow me to maintain better control of your blood sugar instead of pen needles or injections. I was then prescribed
Summary for Poop Pills Article New discoveries involving the use of stool pills for medication has aided patients in relieving themselves of the infection Clostridium difficile. Clostridium difficile, or more commonly referred to as C-diff, is an infection of the bowl system that can be deadly. Previous remedies for C-diff included uncomfortable and expensive colonoscopies, in which a tube is place through the rectum to the colon. The newer method of stool pills proves increasingly successful, while being less uncomfortable. Feces is taken from a healthy donor, then to a lab where bacteria and food are withdrawn from the stool.
I have also read about methods of administration which some literature provides evidence of 5Rs and others give as much as 10RS. Whichever way of dispensing the initial 5RS is the basic for individual to familiarize. There are other things that needs to be considered such as washing hands prior to administering, check the drug chart, the right patient, right drug, right route, right amount/dosage, the history or background record of the patient, allergy or intolerance}, the right education provided to the patient, documenting as given, documenting refusal and right evaluation. On the other hand, I need to have that self-awareness of which patient is in the medication room and know how to talk
The Problem: How does temperature affect the dissolving time of an antacid tablet? Antacid tablets are medicines that help neutralize the acid in your stomach. Antacid tablets are made of numerous numbers of components, such as sodium bicarbonate (baking powder), magnesium hydroxide, critic acid, and many others. When Antacid tablets are placed in water, they undergo a chemical reaction, where the sodium bicarbonate breaks apart to make sodium and bicarbonate ions. When the bicarbonate ions collide with hydrogen ions, it produces carbonic acid.
Every 15 seconds U.S. poison control centers are called about a poisoning incident. 40% of these calls involve children younger than 3 years and in 75% of these cases the poison was ingested (Gutierrez, J., Negrón, J., & García-Fragoso, L. (2011). The poisonings involve items found in most homes, such as prescription drugs, cosmetics, and cleaning supplies Most poisonings are preventable and happen in the home with the parent present. Fortunately, deaths from pediatric poisonings have decreased significantly over the decades due to the introduction of child-resistant packaging, product reformulations, and professional poison control systems. However, non-lethal, accidental medication overdoses have been increasing due to the rising availability
Secondary endpoints included the number of vomiting episodes during oral rehydration and the rates of intravenous hydration among each group. It was found that the proportion of pediatric patients who received ondansetron and subsequently vomited during oral rehydration therapy was lower than those patients who received placebo (14% vs. 35%; RR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.61, P < 0.001), the mean number of vomiting episodes (0.18 vs. 0.65; RR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.50, P < 0.001) and rates of intravenous hydration (14% vs. 31%; RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.79, P = 0.003) were lower in the ondansetron group than in the placebo group, and the amount of oral rehydration fluid consumed was higher in the ondansetron group than in the placebo group (239 mL vs. 196 mL, P < 0.001). Though the study reported no serious adverse events, it was shown that those patients receiving ondansetron had more diarrhea episodes during oral rehydration compared to placebo (1.4 vs. 0.5, P < 0.001). Thus, this trial showed that ondansetron was more effective than placebo in reducing
This is reversible and its occurrence is minimized by the use of a ‘spacer’. • Bruising and skin atrophy occur at high doses. • Inhibition of long bone growth during prolonged high dose treatment in children. • Posterior subcapsular cataracts may develop following prolonged use. 5.2.2