Essay On Pathologic Grading
Pathologic grading is based on Modified Bloom Richardson scoring which utilizes three variables: gland-formation (tubularity), degree of variation in nuclear size and shape (pleomorphism), and ‘hyper chromatic figures’ as an estimate of proliferation(Bloom HJG et al 1957 and S. THORESENet al1982). The College of American Pathologists and the World Health Organization endorse this classification. The basic principle is summation of scores for the three variables, each of which is assigned from one to three points according to degree of departure from normal breast epithelium. A total score of 5 or less defines grade 1, 6–7 points grade 2 and 8–9 points grade 3.( Spitale, A. Et al 2009) The management of breast cancer has evolved over the years with multimodality therapy becoming commonplace. These recent advances in breast cancer treatment have required better characterization of the different prognostic and histologic subgroups. Targeted systemic therapy is a goal and better understanding of these differences is essential to direct and individualize treatment decisions(Arps DP, 2013). Current and emerging biomarkers in breast cancer: prognosis and prediction …show more content…
Clinical parameters such as tumor size, state of the lymph nodes, and others, have been used as prognostic factors in breast cancer. However, it has been necessary to establish additional factors in order to classify patients according to indicators such as the recurrence risk and the type of therapy to administer. Interest in novel prognostic markers is based on the fact that a significant number of patients with early stage breast cancer harbor microscopic metastasis at the time of diagnosis (Buyse M, et al
Should Women Get Regular Mammograms Essay
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602 Words | 3 PagesGrades are as valuable as star-shaped stickers, yet they have the power to lay the foundation of our entire lives. The grades we earn have no commercial value, but students invest millions into taking a class to get a grade. In Jerry Farber’s essay “A Young Person’s Guide to the Grading System,” he crushes society’s constant need for competition by pointing out all of the major flaws in the grading system and offering a new credit system as a solution. Farber is correct by claiming that the grading system is flawed, stressful, and overall, useless. Farber builds his essay on the basis that grades are problematic for the school system to use.
Henrietta Lacks Book Review
831 Words | 4 PagesLifestyle and environmental factors have been closely analyzed for any links that may increase breast cancer risk. During research, it has been found that newer lab tests that are more sensitive, can detect cancer cells that maybe have broken away from the tumor in order to help predict the recurrence of the
Abraham Flexner Thesis
990 Words | 4 Pages2 were expected to have recurrences, but there was only 1 actual recurrence. The pharmaceutical companies claim the relative risk reduction is 50%, because one is 50% of 2. 2 would be statisically likely to have their breast cancer recur during the trial, but only 1 actually had a recurrence, so the risk is cut in half from a relative point of
Analysis Of How Grading Reform Changed Our School, By Jeffery Erickson
867 Words | 4 PagesIn “How Grading Reform Changed Our School,” author Jeffery Erickson, the assistant principal of Minnetonka High School in Minnesota, discusses why and how he and his colleagues changed the way students received their grades. Erickson’s main argument in his essay is, “What should go into a grade?” His answer to this is that a student’s grade is solely reflected based on what a student knows and his or her ability to perform. Erickson opens up his essay by giving a scenario from a personal experience of when his daughter took swimming lessons. It was a challenge for his daughter to master the class, but in the end she finally passed on the last day.
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603 Words | 3 PagesWomen attaining lower incomes are more likely to experience the worst outcomes when they are diagnosed with breast cancer. Hence, studies have demonstrated that African American women are 40% to 70% risk of being diagnosed with stage 4
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650 Words | 3 PagesWorking with Affiliates allows the collaborating partners to avoid repeating work, share resources and bring partners together with a common objective. The purpose is to detect the most complicated breast health in multiple communities and to safeguard the highest quality of breast
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608 Words | 3 PagesLearning Journal ACEs Score The ACE score measures 10 types of childhood trauma, the first five of them are personal and the last five are related to other family members. As a child, most people may experience different types of trauma all to different severities. Depending on how high a person’s ACE score is determines how high of a risk that they may have for developing problems that may affect them as adults, including health problems, as well as social and emotional issues.
Matt Suarez's The Flaw Of The Grading System
1000 Words | 4 PagesThe Failure of Grading in Public High Schools Most people in life that go on to be publicly known or have a successful business after escaping the jail that is high school, are actually the students that didn’t make such good grades. The school grading system trains you students to reach for an unattainable goal, has untruthful promises, has many flaws, causes mental issues in students, leads to cheating, and makes students not even comprehend what they are learning. The grades we get are supposedly the only thing that tracks how a student is doing in school. With that, a student has the mind set that if they do, everything right and good like they’re supposed to they’ll get rewarded with an A grade. Sadly however, the real world hits hard
Mammograms Pros And Cons
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Breast Screen Australia Persuasive Essay
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Constant Hazard Rate Lab Report
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Pass Fail Grading System Essay
259 Words | 2 PagesNo College Grades: The Pass/Fail Option Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the pass/fail grading system. Central Idea: There are 3 Advantages of Pass/Fail Grading System. a. Many students choose this option to explore subjects unrelated to their major.
Grade Evaluation System Essay
1672 Words | 7 PagesA transparent and rigorous evaluation system is expected to be implemented in the academic system to ensure a complete professional education. Globally, in academics, bell curve is a method of assigning grades designed to yield a preferred distribution of grades among the students in a class. Stringently speaking, grading on a bell curve refers to the assigning of grades according to the distribution known as the normal distribution. But in the Indian scenario, few universities fail to follow the global pattern of assigning grades. This paper tries to project the anomaly in the evaluation system and opens the window for the administrators to take stock of the situation and enable corrective measures for the betterment of the students and society.
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