Perforation Essay

Perforation technique plays an important role in maintaining the stability of wellbore. The purpose of perforation is to establish a flow path between reservoir and wellbore. In Carigali Hess, the wells are completed using cased hole single string gas producer. Therefore, perforation is the primary way to initiate the production. Perforating guns are conveyed downhole using coiled tubing, e-line or slickline. For deviated wells, guns with tractors are used to reach the perforating intervals. Gun bending will be modelled and addressed. There for many perforating methods. The oldest method is by having bullet perforator which is suitable for soft and brittle unconsolidated formation. Water jet method pumps high pressure water downhole and in turn generate the deflector. It can have clean perforation holes but the major drawback is that the process is slow. So, it is not recommend for long intervals. Jet perforating which uses high explosives and metal-lined shaped charges, is more commonly used nowadays. It

The shroud can be manufactured in a wide variety of sized and styles. Shroud provides support for metal mesh during reverse pressurization. The metal mesh screen is layered to ensure stable fixed pores that are more resistant to deformation. There are four basic mesh patterns: plain square, plain dutch, twilled square and twilled dutch. Properties of metal mesh may be enhanced by a process called sintering, which compact metal mesh by heat or pressure without melting it. Sintered wire mesh laminate can be designed with a wide range of desirable mechanical properties, pore sized and permeabilities. Shrouded metal mesh screens are suitable for wells with unconsolidated or fine particle formation. They have high erosion and plugging resistant, prevent fine sand particles from entering into the annular