History:
UK:
Since 9/11 the police forces in the UK and USA have developed and adapted in many ways to keep up with the changing modern world. In this essay I will discuss the history of the police, the initial impacts of 9/11, the year by year developments and the future of the police in our society.
In the UK, law enforcement and policing during the 1700s and earlier were not national organisations, they were organised by local communities like town authorities instead. During the 1730s, local improvement Acts made by town authorities often included provision for paid watchmen or constables to patrol towns at night, while rural areas had to rely on more informal arrangements. These arrangements developed throughout the 1700s, with Henry Fielding establishing the “Bow Street Runners” in 1749 and then Sir John Fielding later reorganised Bow Street into a form of police station with efficient paid constables between 1754 and 1780. In 1800, some town authorities became more involved in improving local policing. In 1800, an Act of Parliament enabled Glasgow to establish the City of Glasgow Police, which was the first professional police force in Britain. As the population in industrial towns grew, more local Acts were passed to improve policing in those towns, such as Rochdale in 1825, and Oldham in 1827.
In the early 1800s, London had a population
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In 1636 Boston created a night watch, then New York in 1658 and Philadelphia in 1700. The night watch was not a very effective crime control device. Watchmen often slept or drank on duty. While the watch was theoretically voluntary, many "volunteers" were only doing it to escape military service, were forced into service by their town, or were performing watch duties as a form of punishment. Philadelphia created the first day watch in 1833 and New York instituted a day watch in 1844 as an addition to its new police
Many years ago, the first organized American Police Department system was started in Boston, in 1838. (Dempsey & Forst, 20120 p. 7). The Boston Police Department provided 24 hour service which, was funded by the New York legislature. Most of the policeman on the force had little to no training but that changed over time as the importance of law enforcement in society became more prominent. As time progressed so did the police department 's use of technology to better equip the officers with easier means to do their jobs.
Comparing the justice system of Canadian with the United States legal systems we find some similarities as well differences in the form of the legal system. However, viewing the Canadian criminal justice system it is somewhat separate in its combined judicial legal system where all the courts share the same system to include Canada’s Supreme Court which has the final decision authority throughout Canada. On the other hand, the United States has two parallel and independent judicial systems. The federal judicial system applies to federal law where the state judicial system is independent at the state level.
Policing has been around a long time, ever since the 19th century to be more specific. In that span of time between the 19th century and today, policing has gone through many changes, to lead us to the state of policing we are in today, which is now a complete 180 from how it used to be. Way back when the first settlers came to America, communities actually policed themselves. They believed that this was the most effective way to uphold the law, or whatever they called it back then. They had many ways to keep people in line such as public disapproval, shunning, and even public humiliation.
The NSW Police Force (NSWPF) are expected to comply with the ideals and expectations outlined in legislation and policy documents. These documents provide ethical, moral and legal principles to shape the decision-making process of police in the execution of their duty. This essay will discuss the failures of police to comply with these principles in dealing with potential juvenile offenders in the scenario. It will do this by examining their actions with reference to NSW legislation and relevant police force policy documents, discretionary powers and their application in the scenario, and communication techniques which could have had a more positive impact while complying with the directives of the NSWPF.
During the 19th century, the city of Manchester, England experienced
Political Era of policing was estimated at around the years 1800- 1900s.
Weapons are deemed as a significant element for military strategies all over the world. Overtime, these illicit weapons distributed to police forces have caused injuries some at minor at levels and whilst some are deemed at extreme levels. Electronic stun devices and other less-lethal weapons are marketed as offering unmitigated benefits to both police and public safety, with this statement there are various problems also associated with these devices such as unnecessary injury and deaths. There are various intentional injuries that police officers are affected by whilst working, the prevalence of injury in the force is rather high. By the 1800s, after departments and police departments distributed weapons and demanded the use of force that
The development of policing in the United States followed the policing model in England and developed over decades. It was not until the 1880s that the United States established municipal police forces that were present in all major U.S. cities. These municipal police forces were similar in that they had public support, officers were employed and not volunteers, the departments had established protocols and rules, and the departments were accountable to the government (Lundman 1980). Policing is said to have gone through various stages the last few decades. Hooper (2014) points out that policing in the United States has evolved through three eras: The Political Era that had close ties to politics, the Reform Era that was developed because of the deficiencies of the Political Era and then the Community Era, that focused on Community Policing.
These challenges shaped the evolution of police departments, prompting them to adapt, strategize, and reform, constantly reshaping their approach to maintaining the peace. This historical panorama provides an invaluable context for understanding the police departments of today. The twin ideals of authority and service persist, albeit in more complex and plural societies. Today's law enforcement agencies grapple with the same challenges, albeit amplified by technological advances and societal changes.
Originally, during Colonial times, policing in the United States consisted of little more than night watches. These watches weren’t very effective, as watchmen often drank or slept on duty, and many of the volunteers were only there as a way to get out of military service or helping with the watch as a form of punishment (Potter, 2013). It wasn’t until 1838 that the city of Boston established the first formal organized police force in America. Other cities soon followed, and by the 1880s, all major metropolitan areas had a formal police force. These changes took place largely due to the rapid population growth in American cities.
Before the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, our country had gone through the policing eras of “the political, reform, and community with the four different policing models of traditional, community policing, problem-oriented and zero-tolerance” (Oliver, 2006, p. 49). The attack caused major changes in policing for several reasons. The main reason was a fear by the citizens of another major attack. In 2004 several polls were conducted to measure the fear factor of general
The North West mounted police was a police force introduced by John A Macdonald on May 3rd 1873. The bill was later passed on may 23rd 1873 the NWMP was official. At the time the vast territory of the north in Canada has no police no law enforcement. The force was created because of a force called the hardwick gang (whiskey traders). They were the replacement for the Hudson’s Bay company.
Many believe that the Police officer have existed since the beginning of civilization. Although the establishment of the U.S. Police force is actually a modern invention. The first organized police force funded by the public, was created in Boston in 1838, which employed officers full-time. The definition of public order during the 19th century, to today has been maintained by the police force.
After reviewing Sir Robert Peel's nine principles of policing I believe all nine principles are still evident in modern policing. These principles of policing were created as a standard for initial modern police forces, however due to modernization of policing through technology and training, some of these standards have evolved to adapt to today’s standards of policing. Let us examine how these principles were the foundation for modern police forces, and the standards they coincide with today, beginning with Peel’s first principle. Peel’s first principle states the basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder (Dempsey & Forst, 2016).
From a time immorial the police have been a very intrigal part of the our social life. Be it the gupta period or the shivajian era, or the dark times of the east india company. Police has been omni present in the social order. One can not overlook the importance of police in the peaceful wellbeing of the state. But with the change in the attitude of the state towords its citizens the roll of police has also changed.