Flower Pollination Research Paper

Pollination syndrome in large flowered plants

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to the stigma on other plants. In this, our focus is on cross pollination where it brings about genetic diversity among these flowers. This can happen with the help of natural pollinators such as birds, bees, mammals, insects, wind and water because plants cannot move from one place to another. These factors play a role in pollination and have a great influence in this process, by making sure that it takes place, while their intention is to gain rather benefit nectar, pollen and some part of the plant. A successful pollination depends on the following factors, pollination effectiveness, pollinator’s visitation to the plants, and their adaptation’s

It was observed that aphelandra acanthus flowers cannot be classified as either nocturnal or diurnal. Their flowers are seen to open through the day and night; their stigmas are receptive during the day and night (n. muchhala, unpuld. res). Nector was not measured. Some plant species, hummingbird visit flowers throughout the day and bats visit throughout the night, which suggest a constant production. The pollen transfer and visiting rate of pollinators to flowering plants shows that both hummingbird and bats effectively pollinate Aphelandra acanthus. They were observed to be visiting the flower at the same visiting rate. Bats were observed to be transferring more pollen to flowers of A. acanthus than hummingbird does. As a result, bats were considered effective pollinators of A. acanthus because of their high quality. (fenster et al, 2004). Bats cannot visit the flowers having narrow corolla because of limit their access to the nectar (Christianini et al., 2012). Bats, like many other kinds of pollinators, can be opportunistic flower visitors and sometimes visit flowers that do not conform to the classic bat pollination

Bats can also play an important role in maintaining the genetically continuity of plant population and have considerable conservation value. There are two families of nectar feeding bats which are pteropodidae, occur throughout tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and phyllostomidae which inhibits tropical and subtropical regions of America (Fleming et al., 2009). Hummingbirds are considered to have the highest dusk or soon after, are large, white or pale yellow in colour, have odour and produce large quantities of nectar Flower for bird produce ample pollen and nectar as reward (Momose et al., 1998). Flowers of the bat-pollinated species were dull-coloured, emitted odour, opened in the evening, and had wide apertures and rigid pedicels, which positioned them beyond the foliage (Muchhala, 2006). Non flying mammals tend to pollinate plants with robust flowers, dull coloration, copious amount of nectar and exerted styles and stamen (Carthew and Goldingay, 1997 as cited in Jensen et al., 2001). Mechanism of pollination is entirely dependent on compatibility on the size of flower and types birds (Konax et al., 1985). As birds removed nectar from the glands, their heads and shoulders contacted the open inflorescences in the leaf axils. As twigs and leaves bent under